70 3D Models for Free - Download Free 3D

70 meter dish by NASA (public domain)

by DrMichael

969 2

aqbuc NCBINCBI Logo Skip to main content Skip to navigation Resources How To About NCBI Accesskeys PMC US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Search database PMC Search term Search Advanced Journal listHelp COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/ Journal ListHHS Author ManuscriptsPMC4979577 Logo of nihpa J Subst Use. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 Jan 1. Published in final edited form as: J Subst Use. 2016; 21(4): 395–399. Published online 2015 Sep 18. doi: 10.3109/14659891.2015.1040089 PMCID: PMC4979577 NIHMSID: NIHMS760791 PMID: 27524938 Mood Symptoms in Steroid Users: The Unexamined Role of Concurrent Stimulant Use Pilar M. Sanjuan, Ph.D. Pilar M. Sanjuan, Fellow: The University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, 2650 Yale Boulevard, SE, MSC11-6280, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; James L. Langenbucher, Ph.D., Associate Professor James L. Langenbucher, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Center of Alcohol Studies, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Tom Hildebrandt, PsyD, Associate Professor Tom Hildebrandt, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA; Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at J Subst Use See other articles in PMC that cite the published article. Go to: INTRODUCTION Appearance and performance enhancing drugs (APEDs) include a range of illicit, prescription, and over-the-counter preparations used to increase lean body-mass in order to attain idealized physiques and improve athletic performance (Thomas Hildebrandt, Langenbucher, Carr, & Sanjuan, 2007). Most APED users are polydrug users engaging in “stacking,” taking several drugs from different categories concurrently and sequentially over 8-10 week time blocks (Dodge & Hoagland, 2011). This study focuses on two APED categories: Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (referred to simply as “steroids” in this article) and Thermogenic and Ergogenic Drugs (stimulants). Substances in the steroids group include numerous synthetic testosterone derivatives varying in half-lives and metabolite ratios. Stimulants used in this capacity include fat-burning and energy-boosting drugs (Coffey, Steiner, Baker, & Allison, 2004; Maglione et al., 2005; Shekelle PG, Hardy ML, Morton SC, & et al, 2003; Sjöqvist, Garle, & Rane, 2008). Common stimulants include liothyronine (thyroid hormone), clenbuterol (illicit in the U.S.), synephrine, ephedra, ephedrine, theophylline, and caffeine (Thomas Hildebrandt, Harty, & Langenbucher, 2012; Thomas Hildebrandt et al., 2007). When used as medically indicated, these stimulants have less dramatic mood effects than stimulants better associated with misuse (e.g. methamphetamine.) Prevalence Prevalence rates of steroid use range from 1.5% of 12th graders (Johnston, O’Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2012), 6.4% of adult males, 13.4% of athletes, to 18.4% among recreational sports people (Sagoe, Molde, Andreassen, Torsheim, & Pallesen, 2014). The prevalence of APED stimulant use is more complicated as these include common substances (e.g. caffeine) as well as prescription-only medications. Rates of stimulant use are higher among athletes using of other types of APEDs (Buckman, Farris, & Yusko, 2013) ranging from 28% to 56% compared to non-APED users. Other research has found rates ranging from 25% for ephedrine (Kanayama, Gruber, Pope, Jr., Borowiecki, & Hudson, 2001) to 58% for ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, or amphetamine (Bents, Tokish, & Goldberg, 2004) among athletes and 7% for non-prescription weight loss products in the general population (Blanck H, Khan L, & Serdula MK, 2001). Mood Effects There is widespread popular belief that the use of steroids routinely results in powerful episodes of anger and violence termed “roid rage” (Chantal, Soubranne, & Brunel, 2009). However, researchers in this field agree that such negative mood effects are more likely to be rare and difficult to predict (Thomas Hildebrandt et al., 2007; Kanayama, Hudson, & Pope, 2009; Pope HG, Jr, Kouri EM, & Hudson JI, 2000; Rubinow & Schmidt, 1996; Yates, Perry, MacIndoe, Holman, & Ellingrod, 1999). Prior research has found adverse psychological effects of steroids including anger, aggressiveness, depression, and mania (Daly et al., 2003; Pagonis, Angelopoulos, Koukoulis, & Hadjichristodoulou, 2006; Su T et al., 1993; Yates, Perry, & Murray, 1992). Positive effects may include enhanced self-esteem, vigor, libido, perceived power, and concentration (Tom Hildebrandt, Langenbucher, Carr, Sanjuan, & Park, 2006). However, many studies have failed to find any psychoactive effects associated with steroid use (Bagatell, Heiman, Matsumoto, Rivier, & Bremner, 1994; Bahrke, Wright, Strauss, & Catlin, 1992; Malone, Dimeff, Lombardo, & Sample, 1995; Midgley, Heather, & Davies, 2001; O’Connor, Archer, & Wu, 2004; Tricker et al., 1996; Yates et al., 1999), supporting the idea that steroid mood effects are idiosyncratic. An understanding of the variables associated with APED-related mood disturbance is critical for identifying high risk individuals and for developing treatments. Most research on APED-induced mood effects focuses solely on steroids and does not examine concurrently used drugs (e.g. stimulants). This study was designed to assess the effects of stimulant use on mood effects as a potential variable underlying the idiosyncratic nature of steroid-associated negative mood effects. We also tried to minimize retrospective memory errors by only assessing current mood. In accordance with research finding mood effects associated with steroid use, we hypothesized that current steroid and stimulant use each would be associated with (1) increased vigor, mania, anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion and (2) decreased positive affect. Go to: METHODS Links from internet websites that primarily focused on bodybuilding, weightlifting, or using steroids, and also from search engines, led to our internet-accessible survey, which was located on the Rutgers University website. These links were identified as leading to a “Rutgers survey on training practices and mood.” All participants initially followed this link to a Rutgers Institutional Review Board-approved consent form and clicked on second link at the bottom of this page to indicate consent. The entire protocol of the study was approved by the Rutgers Institutional Review Board. Participants Participants were 122 male weightlifters and bodybuilders, mean age of 32 (19-57, SD = 8.68), who anonymously followed the consent link. Females were targeted as well as males, but only males reached a sample size that could be analyzed. Participants did not need to have used APEDs to enroll, but, because the survey was linked to some websites with steroid-related content, many had used them. Participants did not receive any financial compensation for completing the survey. Eight participants who completed the survey were excluding for missing data. There were no other exclusion criteria. Measures The questionnaire began with demographic questions and then presented the following mood scales, each adapted to query the past 24-hours. Participants rated current moods prior to reporting current drug use. Questions about weight-training were interwoven between mood questionnaires. Anger The Revised State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2:Spielberger, 1998) State-Anger scale assesses the intensity of anger at a particular time, and has been used extensively in research on health and anger. It has 3 subscales: Feelings, Verbal, and Physical. Mania The Self-Report Manic Inventory (SRMI; Shugar, Schertzer, Toner, & di Gasbarro, 1992) has been found more sensitive than other measures to euthymic and hypomanic fluctuations (Cooke, Krüger, & Shugar, 1996). Mood The Profile of Mood States – Brief (POMS-B; McNair & Heuchert, 2005), the only authorized short version of the POMS, has six factors: tension/anxiety, depression/dejection, anger/hostility, vigor/activity, fatigue/inertia, and confusion/bewilderment. Positive Mood The Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire – Positive (ATQ-P; Ingram & Wisnicki, 1988), measures the occurrence of positive self-relevant cognitions. The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (M-CSDS; Crowne & Marlowe, 1960) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) were included as covariates, to control for the desire to look good and trait affect. Mood scales were followed by sections developed specifically for this study assessing current steroid and stimulant use, dietary and sleep habits, use of other medications, and prior physical or psychiatric diagnoses. The entry question to the steroids section was, “Have you ever used anabolic steroids?” For participants who answered “yes,” this was followed by further questions about specific drugs used and patterns of use. The entry question to the stimulants section was “Have you ever used fat burners or endurance boosters such as Xenadrine or T3?” For participants answering “yes,” this was again followed by further questions about drugs and patterns of use. Data Analysis The main goal was to identify mood effects associated with steroids and stimulants. Because steroids have a long half-life and most stimulants have a comparatively short half-life, participants were considered currently on steroids if they had used them in the past 14 days and as currently on stimulants if they had used them in the past 24 hours. Analyses consisted of 2 × 2 analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) for drug use status (current steroid by current stimulant) for each mood scale. We controlled for social desirability, trait affect, age, marital status, employment, income, exercise recency, and prior night’s sleep. In addition, effect sizes were examined (Cohen’s d) for steroid and stimulant use on mood as compared to normative population scores for the POMS-B (Yeun & Shin-Park, 2006), ATQ (Ingram, Kendall, Siegle, Guarino, & McLaughlin, 1995), and STAXI (Spielberger, 1998). Go to: RESULTS Demographics Of 236 individuals who clicked the survey link, 225 consented, 135 completed the survey, 130 were male, and 122 had complete data for these analyses. Eight-four percent of participants resided in the United States, 45% were married, 75% were employed full-time, 40% had a college degree, and another 16% held graduate degrees. The majority of the participants were Caucasian (93%). Sixty-two percent of participants identified their training goal as a bodybuilding, while 36% identified it as weight-lifting. Participants averaged 97 (SD = 14.3, Range = 63-141) kilograms with a body mass index of 30 (SD = 3.8, Range 22-44) and fat-free mass index (FFMI – determined by height, weight, and self-reported body fat percentage (Kouri et al., 1995b) of 25 (SD = 3.2, Range 18-36). They were experienced APED users: 87% (N=106) reporting lifetime use of steroids for an average 3.6 years (SD = 4.28) and 80% (N=97) reporting lifetime use of stimulants for an average 3.5 years (SD = 4.1). Thirty-one percent (N=38) of the sample was not currently taking steroids or stimulants, 30% (N=37) were currently taking only steroids, 18% (N=22) were currently taking only stimulants, and 21% (N=25) were currently taking both steroids and stimulants. Internal Consistency Internal consistency for the measures in our sample was good and ranged from 0.77 to 0.94 as follows, for the STAXI-2: α=0.94, SRMI: α=0.85, POMS: α=0.90, ATQ-P: α=0.94, M-CSDS: α=0.77 and PANAS: α=0.83.. ANCOVAs The overall F-tests for all ANCOVA models were significant (p<.001), with significant main effects (p<.025) for stimulant use on Tension/Anxiety and for steroid use on Vigor/Activity. Participants using stimulants scored higher on Tension/Anxiety than those not using stimulants and participants using steroids scored lower on Vigor/Activity than non-users. No interaction effects were found for stimulants by steroids, but these were included in the models in Table 1. Table1 Mood Scales by APED Use Mood Measure Stimulants Steroids Overall Model APED Users vs. Norm No Yes No Yes F d SRMI - Mania 9.6(6.4) 10.9(5.8) 11.0(6.6) 9.0(5.7) 3.98c N/A POMS-B Tension/Anxiety 2.9(3.0)a 3.4(3.8)a 3.0(3.1) 3.1(3.2) 11.27c .74c Depression/Dejection 2.1(3.0) 2.5(4.5) 2.0(3.1) 2.3(4.1) 15.62c .42b Anger/Hostility 3.3(3.6) 2.7(3.9) 3.0(3.2) 3.1(4.2) 6.94c .61c Vigor/Activity 9.0(4.2) 10.5(5.0) 10.5(4.2)a 8.6(4.7)a 9.34c .07 Fatigue/Inertia 4.8(3.5) 4.2(4.5) 4.4(4.0) 4.7(3.9) 3.42c .83c Confusion/ Bewilderment 3.2(2.2) 3.7(2.8) 3.3(2.5) 3.3(2.4) 6.05c .54c ATQ - Positive Affect 110(13.8) 113(17.8) 113(13.1) 109(17.2) 19.46c 1.81c STAXI-2 Anger Feelings 7.5(2.7) 7.2(2.8) 7.2(2.5) 7.6(3.0) 4.49c −.08 Anger Verbal 7.4(2.7) 7.1(3.4 7.6(3.7) 7.0(2.9) 2.90c −.20 Anger Physical 6.0(2.8) 5.5(1.9) 5.9(2.2) 5.8(2.8) 3.87c .08 Total Anger 21(7.8) 19.8(7.4) 20.7(7.4) 20.3(7.9) 4.26c −.08 Note. F = F-value, ap<.025, bp<.01, cp<.001, APED = Appearance and performance enhancing drug, SRMI = The Self-Report Manic Inventory, POMS-B = The Profile of Mood States- Brief, ATQ = The Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, STAXI-2 = The Revised State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. In order to correct for multiple comparisons, alpha was set at p<.025 (N=122). Means and standard deviations listed above are raw. Social desirability, trait affect, age, marital status, employment, income, recency of exercise, and hours of last sleep correlated with dependent variables and were included as covariates in the analyses. Other potential covariates measured did not have sufficient variance in the sample to account for variance in the final models, and so were not included. Cohen’s d was calculated for the effect sizes in the final column, “APED Users vs. Norm,” where only participants taking stimulants, steroids, or both (N=85, which did not include participants not using either type of substance) were compared to normative samples in the literature (Ingram et al., 1995; Spielberger, 1998; Yeun and Shin-Park, 2006). A positive direction means that the norm was higher than our APED using subsample and negative direction means the APED subsample was higher. Effect Size Analyses Cohen’s d was calculated to examine effect sizes for differences between mood means for the APED-using subsample (steroid or stimulant use) and normal populations (Ingram et al., 1995; Spielberger, 1998; Yeun & Shin-Park, 2006). The APED-using subsample in this study had significantly lower scores (Table 1: last column) than norms for all POMS-B negative mood scales, higher than normal ATQ-P positive affect scores, and were not different than norms for vigor/activity or any STAXI anger scales. The magnitudes of the differences in effect size between the APED users and the general population were not different across POMS-B mood subscales, Q(5)=.021, p>.99, nor anger (STAXI) subscales, Q(2)=2.99, p=.23.The grand mean effect size for POMS-B mood was .54, indicating that the APED-using subsample was on average a half standard deviation below the normal population on measures of mood disturbance. For the anger (STAXI) scales the grand mean effect size was .07, thus not different than the general population. Go to: DISCUSSION Steroid users reported less vigor/activity than non-users, and stimulant users reported higher levels of tension/anxiety compared to non-users. Otherwise, for most mood measures there were no differences between steroid and/or stimulant users and non-users. These findings support the idea that mood effects of steroids are idiosyncratic and not commonplace. Results are consistent with previous research that has also failed to find steroid specific effects (Bagatell et al., 1994; Bahrke et al., 1992; Malone et al., 1995; Midgley et al., 2001; O’Connor et al., 2004; Pope HG et al., 2000; Tricker et al., 1996; Yates et al., 1999). The effect of stimulant use on tension/anxiety was consistent with the central nervous system arousal side-effect profiles of these substances (Maglione et al., 2005; Pearce & Himsworth, 1982; Shekelle PG et al., 2003). The higher tension/anxiety in stimulant users may account for some prior reports of mood disturbance in steroid users. Also supporting the idiosyncratic nature of negative APED mood effects, the APED-using subsample scored in normal or below normal ranges on the mood and anger subscales. Indeed, APED users scored lower on all negative mood scales and higher on positive thoughts than the normative samples, but no differently than the norm for anger. It is possible that characteristics of these athletes (e.g. consistent exercise and dietary regimens, goal-directed motivation) were protective against adverse moods. Limitations and Strengths The sample demographics may not be representative of the bodybuilding/weightlifting population, though consistent with previous research in this area. If some subsample of APED users were more likely to experience anger or aggression with APEDs, (e.g. inmates, violent criminals) they may have been missed by web-based recruitment. Additionally, dose was not assessed and the sample was not large enough to sort out mood effects associated with different types of steroids/stimulants. Finally, the entry question for the stimulants section only gave two examples (Xenadrine and T3) in addition to specifying “fat burners and endurance boosters”, and some people may have been using other substances that would fall under this category, but not have thought they applied here if they were not listed as examples. Additionally, we included many preparations in this section that contain high doses of caffeine, but there may have been other ways not on our list in which participants were using high dose caffeine. By utilizing internet technology to assess bodybuilders and weightlifters anonymously about current APED use and mood state this study builds upon prior self-report research that queried over longer retrospective recall periods (Choi & Pope, 1994; Cooper, Noakes, Dunne, Lambert, & Rochford, 1996; Lefavi, Reeve, & Newland, 1990; Parrott, Choi, & Davies, 1994; Pope & Katz, 1988, 1994) as well as other APED research (Choi, Parrott, & Cowan, 1990; Kouri, Lukas, Pope, & Oliva, 1995; Moss, Panzak, & Tarter, 1992; Perry et al., 2003). This prior research was by necessity limited by the error inherent in longer retrospective recall periods. Additionally, we were able to assess participants from across the United States and around the world, and thus our results do not reflect only local trends. And finally, we were able to recruit participants who might have been unwilling or unable to visit a laboratory setting for face-to-face assessment. Conclusions This study was designed to examine the role of stimulants used in addition to steroids among bodybuilders and weightlifters utilizing a current use and current mood focused cross-sectional internet-based survey of bodybuilders and weightlifters. No adverse mood effects were significantly associated with steroid use, while anxiety/tension was significantly associated with stimulant use. The findings from this study regarding stimulant use suggest these substances are not benign. Their use with steroids may account for some adverse moods, particularly increased anxiety and tension, often associated with steroids. Future natural observation research on steroid mood effects needs to assess and control for stimulant use among APED users. The roles of each of these classes of stimulants in mood changes should be differentiated. Physicians and mental health professionals might also take care to assess the use and psychoactive effects of stimulants in patients having potential APED-related problems. Idiosyncratic negative effects of APEDs on mood may be associated more with stimulant use than with steroid use, despite the congressional and general public focus on steroids in the United States. Go to: Acknowledgments Funded by grants NIDA K02-00390 (Langenbucher), NIAAA, T32 AA07569 (McCrady), and NIAAA T32 AA018108-02 (McCrady). Go to: References Bagatell CJ, Heiman JR, Matsumoto AM, Rivier JE, Bremner WJ. Metabolic and behavioral effects of high-dose, exogenous testosterone in healthy men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1994;79(2):561–567. doi:10.1210/jcem.79.2.8045977. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Bahrke MS, Wright JE, Strauss RH, Catlin DH. Psychological moods and subjectively perceived behavioral and somatic changes accompanying anabolic-androgenic steroid use. The American Journal of Sports Medicine. 1992;20(6):717–724. doi:10.1177/036354659202000613. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Bents RT, Tokish JM, Goldberg L. Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and amphetamine prevalence in college hockey players: most report performance-enhancing use. The Physician and Sports Medicine. 2004;32:30–4. doi:10.3810/psm.2004.09.551. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Blanck H, Khan L, Serdula MK. Use of nonprescription weight loss products: Results from a multistate survey. JAMA. 2001;286(8):930–935. doi:10.1001/jama.286.8.930. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Buckman JF, Farris SG, Yusko DA. A national study of substance use behaviors among NCAA male athletes who use banned performance enhancing substances. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2013;131(1–2):50–55. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.023. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Chantal Y, Soubranne R, Brunel PC. Exploring the social image of anabolic steroids users through motivation, sportspersonship orientations and aggression. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports. 2009;19(2):228–234. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00764.x. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Choi PY, Parrott AC, Cowan D. High-dose anabolic steroids in strength athletes: Effects upon hostility and aggression. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental. 1990;5:349–356. doi:10.1002/hup.470050407. [Google Scholar] Choi PY, Pope HG. Violence toward women and illicit androgenic-anabolic steroid use. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry. 1994;6:21–5. doi:10.3109/10401239409148835. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Coffey CS, Steiner D, Baker BA, Allison DB. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial of a product containing ephedrine, caffeine, and other ingredients from herbal sources for treatment of overweight and obesity in the absence of lifestyle treatment. International Journal of Obesity. 2004;28(11):1411–1419. doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802784. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Cooke RG, Krüger S, Shugar G. Comparative evaluation of two self-report mania rating scales. Biological Psychiatry. 1996;40:279–283. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00392-4. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Cooper CJ, Noakes TD, Dunne T, Lambert MI, Rochford K. A high prevalence of abnormal personality traits in chronic users of anabolic-androgenic steroids. British Journal of Sports Medicine. 1996;30(3):246–250. doi:10.1136/bjsm.30.3.246. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Crowne DP, Marlowe D. A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. Journal of Consulting Psychology. 1960;24:349–354. doi:10.1037/h0047358. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Daly RC, Su TP, Schmidt PJ, Pagliaro M, Pickar D, Rubinow DR. Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of high-dose anabolic steroid administration in male normal volunteers. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2003;28:317–331. doi:10.1016/s0306-4530(02)00025-2. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Dodge T, Hoagland MF. The use of anabolic androgenic steroids and polypharmacy: A review of the literature. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 2011;114(2–3):100–109. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.11.011. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Hildebrandt T, Harty S, Langenbucher JW. Fitness supplements as a gateway substance for anabolic-androgenic steroid use. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 2012;26(4):955–962. doi:10.1037/a0027877. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Hildebrandt T, Langenbucher J, Carr S, Sanjuan P, Park S. Predicting intentions for long-term anabolic-androgenic steroid use among men: A covariance structure model. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. 2006;20(3):234–240. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.20.3.234. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Hildebrandt T, Langenbucher JW, Carr SJ, Sanjuan P. Modeling population heterogeneity in appearance- and performance-enhancing drug (APED) use: Applications of mixture modeling in 400 regular APED users. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 2007;116(4):717–733. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.116.4.717. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Ingram RE, Kendall PC, Siegle G, Guarino J, McLaughlin SC. Psychometric properties of the Positive Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment. 1995;7:495–507. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.7.4.495. [Google Scholar] Ingram RE, Wisnicki KS. Assessment of positive automatic cognition. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1988;56:898–902. doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.6.898. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Johnston LD, O’Malley PM, Bachman JG, Schulenberg JE. Monitoring the Future national results on adolescent drug use: Overview of key findings, 2011. Institute for Social Research, The University of Michigan; Ann Arbor, MI: 2012. [Google Scholar] Kanayama G, Gruber AJ, Pope HG, Jr., Borowiecki JJ, Hudson JI. Over-the-Counter Drug Use in Gymnasiums: An Underrecognized Substance Abuse Problem? Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 2001;70(3):137–140. doi:10.1159/000056238. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Kanayama G, Hudson JI, Pope HG. Illicit anabolic–androgenic steroid use. Hormones and Behavior. 2009;58:111–121. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2009.09.006. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Kouri EM, Lukas SE, Pope HG, Oliva PS. Increased aggressive responding in male volunteers following the administration of gradually increasing doses of testosterone cypionate. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. 1995;40:73–79. doi:10.1016/0376-8716(95)01192-7. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Kouri EM, Pope HG, Katz DL, Oliva P. Fat-free mass index in users and nonusers of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 1995;5:223–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Lefavi RG, Reeve TG, Newland MC. Relationship between anabolic steroid use and selected psychological parameters in male bodybuilders. Journal of Sport Behavior. 1990;13:157–166. [Google Scholar] Maglione M, Miotto K, Iguchi M, Jungvig L, Morton SC, Shekelle PG. Psychiatric Effects of Ephedra Use: An Analysis of Food and Drug Administration Reports of Adverse Events. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 2005;162:189–191. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.1.189. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Malone DA, Dimeff RJ, Lombardo JA, Sample RH. Psychiatric effects and psychoactive substance use in anabolic-androgenic steroid users. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 1995;5:25–31. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] McNair DM, Heuchert JWP. Profile of Mood States: Technical update. Multi-Health Systems, Inc.; North Tonawanda, NY: 2005. [Google Scholar] Midgley SJ, Heather N, Davies JB. Levels of Aggression among a Group of Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Users. Medicine, Science and the Law. 2001;41(4):309–314. doi:10.1177/002580240104100407. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Moss HB, Panzak GL, Tarter RE. Personality, mood, and psychiatric symptoms among anabolic steroid users. The American Journal on Addictions. 1992;1:315–324. doi:10.3109/10550499208993151. [Google Scholar] O’Connor DB, Archer J, Wu FCW. Effects of Testosterone on Mood, Aggression, and Sexual Behavior in Young Men: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Cross-Over Study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2004;89(6):2837–2845. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031354. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Pagonis TA, Angelopoulos NV, Koukoulis GN, Hadjichristodoulou CS. Psychiatric side effects induced by supraphysiological doses of combinations of anabolic steroids correlate to the severity of abuse. European Psychiatry. 2006;21(8):551–562. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2005.09.001. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Parrott AC, Choi PY, Davies M. Anabolic steroid use by amateur athletes: effects upon psychological mood states. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness. 1994;34:292–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Pearce CJ, Himsworth RL. Thyrotoxicosis factitia. The New England Journal of Medicine. 1982;307:1708–9. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Perry PJ, Kutscher EC, Lund BC, Yates WR, Holman TL, Demers L. Measures of aggression and mood changes in male weightlifters with and without androgenic anabolic steroid use. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2003;48:646–51. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Pope HG, Jr, Kouri EM, Hudson JI. Effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on mood and aggression in normal men: A randomized controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry. 2000;57(2):133–140. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.2.133. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Pope HG, Katz DL. Affective and psychotic symptoms associated with anabolic steroid use. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1988;145:487–490. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Pope HG, Katz DL. Psychiatric and medical effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use: A controlled study of 160 athletes. Archives of General Psychiatry. 1994;51:375–382. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950050035004. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Rubinow DR, Schmidt PJ. Androgens, brain, and behavior. The American Journal of Psychiatry. 1996;153(8):974–984. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Sagoe D, Molde H, Andreassen CS, Torsheim T, Pallesen S. The global epidemiology of anabolic-androgenic steroid use: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. Annals of Epidemiology. 2014;24(5):383–398. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.01.009. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Shekelle PG, Hardy ML, Morton SC, et al. Efficacy and safety of ephedra and ephedrine for weight loss and athletic performance: A meta-analysis. JAMA. 2003;289(12):1537–1545. doi:10.1001/jama.289.12.1470. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Shugar G, Schertzer S, Toner BB, di Gasbarro I. Development, use, and factor analysis of a self-report inventory for mania. Comprehensive Psychiatry. 1992;33:325–331. doi:10.1016/0010-440x(92)90040-w. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Sjöqvist F, Garle M, Rane A. Use of doping agents, particularly anabolic steroids, in sports and society. The Lancet. 2008;371(9627):1872–1882. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60801-6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Spielberger CD. The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, revised (STAXI-2) Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.; Odessa, FL: 1998. [Google Scholar] Su T, Pagliaro M, Schmidt PJ, Pickar D, Wolkowitz O, Rubinow DR. NEuropsychiatric effects of anabolic steroids in male normal volunteers. JAMA. 1993;269(21):2760–2764. doi:10.1001/jama.1993.03500210060032. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Tricker R, Casaburi R, Storer TW, Clevenger B, Berman N, Shirazi A, Bhasin S. The effects of supraphysiological doses of testosterone on angry behavior in healthy eugonadal men--a clinical research center study. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1996;81(10):3754–3758. doi:10.1210/jcem.81.10.8855834. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Watson D, Clark LA, Tellegen A. Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1988;54:1063–1070. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Yates WR, Perry PJ, MacIndoe J, Holman T, Ellingrod V. Psychosexual effects of three doses of testosterone cycling in normal men. Biological Psychiatry. 1999;45:254–260. doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00028-6. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Yates WR, Perry P, Murray S. Aggression and hostility in anabolic steroid users. Biological Psychiatry. 1992;31:1232–1234. doi:10.1016/0006-3223(92)90344-y. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Yeun EJ, Shin-Park KK. Verification of the Profile of Mood States-Brief: Cross-Cultural Analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2006;62:1173–1180. doi:10.1002/jclp.20269. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Formats: Article | PubReader | ePub (beta) | PDF (315K) | Citation Share Share on Facebook FacebookShare on Twitter TwitterShare on Google Plus Google+ Save items View more options Similar articles in PubMed Conditional Effects of Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drugs (APEDs) Use on Mood in Powerlifters and Bodybuilders. [Alcohol Treat Q. 2015] Stimulant use, religiosity, and the odds of developing or maintaining an alcohol use disorder over time. [J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2013] The effect of recent stimulant use on sustained attention in HIV-infected adults. [J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2006] Association of Stimulant Use With Dopaminergic Alterations in Users of Cocaine, Amphetamine, or Methamphetamine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. [JAMA Psychiatry. 2017] Stimulant psychosis: systematic review. [Br J Psychiatry. 2004] See reviews... See all... Cited by other articles in PMC Defining the Construct of Synthetic Androgen Intoxication: An Application of General Brain Arousal [Frontiers in Psychology. 2018] Comparison of the Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Performance-Enhancing Drug Users and Nonuser Bodybuilders [Iranian Journal of Psychiatry....] See all... Links PubMed Taxonomy Recent Activity ClearTurn Off Mood Symptoms in Steroid Users: The Unexamined Role of Concurrent Stimulant Use Mood Symptoms in Steroid Users: The Unexamined Role of Concurrent Stimulant Use NIHPA Author Manuscripts. 2016; 21(4)395 See more... Review The global epidemiology of anabolic-androgenic steroid use: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. [Ann Epidemiol. 2014] A national study of substance use behaviors among NCAA male athletes who use banned performance enhancing substances. [Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013] Over-the-counter drug use in gymnasiums: an underrecognized substance abuse problem? [Psychother Psychosom. 2001] Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and amphetamine prevalence in college hockey players: most report performance-enhancing use. [Phys Sportsmed. 2004] Use of nonprescription weight loss products: results from a multistate survey. [JAMA. 2001] Exploring the social image of anabolic steroids users through motivation, sportspersonship orientations and aggression. [Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009] Modeling population heterogeneity in appearance- and performance-enhancing drug (APED) use: applications of mixture modeling in 400 regular APED users. [J Abnorm Psychol. 2007] Review Illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid use. [Horm Behav. 2010] Effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on mood and aggression in normal men: a randomized controlled trial. [Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000] Review Androgens, brain, and behavior. [Am J Psychiatry. 1996] Psychosexual effects of three doses of testosterone cycling in normal men. [Biol Psychiatry. 1999] Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of high-dose anabolic steroid administration in male normal volunteers. [Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2003] Psychiatric side effects induced by supraphysiological doses of combinations of anabolic steroids correlate to the severity of abuse. [Eur Psychiatry. 2006] See more ... Development, use, and factor analysis of a self-report inventory for mania. [Compr Psychiatry. 1992] See more ... Assessment of positive automatic cognition. [J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988] A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. [J Consult Psychol. 1960] See more ... Verification of the profile of mood states-brief: cross-cultural analysis. [J Clin Psychol. 2006] Fat-free mass index in users and nonusers of anabolic-androgenic steroids. [Clin J Sport Med. 1995] Verification of the profile of mood states-brief: cross-cultural analysis. [J Clin Psychol. 2006] Metabolic and behavioral effects of high-dose, exogenous testosterone in healthy men. [J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994] Psychological moods and subjectively perceived behavioral and somatic changes accompanying anabolic-androgenic steroid use. [Am J Sports Med. 1992] Psychiatric effects and psychoactive substance use in anabolic-androgenic steroid users. [Clin J Sport Med. 1995] Levels of aggression among a group of anabolic-androgenic steroid users. [Med Sci Law. 2001] See more ... Violence toward women and illicit androgenic-anabolic steroid use. [Ann Clin Psychiatry. 1994] A high prevalence of abnormal personality traits in chronic users of anabolic-androgenic steroids. [Br J Sports Med. 1996] Anabolic steroid use by amateur athletes: effects upon psychological mood states. [J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1994] Review Affective and psychotic symptoms associated with anabolic steroid use. [Am J Psychiatry. 1988] See more ... Verification of the profile of mood states-brief: cross-cultural analysis. [J Clin Psychol. 2006] Support CenterSupport Center External link. Please review our privacy policy. NLMNIHDHHSUSA.gov National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA Policies and Guidelines | Contact

by uscyusavs

756 0 0

Advertisement International edition The Guardian - Back to home Support us in 2021 Power vital, open, independent journalism ContributeSubscribe Search jobsSign inSearch News Opinion Sport Culture Lifestyle Show More FashionFoodRecipesLove & sexHealth & fitnessHome & gardenWomenMenFamilyTravelMoney Word of Mouth blog Food science 10 gross ingredients you didn't know were in your food If you're still reeling from the horsemeat scandal, hold on to your hats – there may well be arsenic in your beer and rat hair in your chocolate Arsenic Arsenic – fancy a pint? Photograph: Alamy Anna Brones Mon 13 May 2013 12.11 BST 4,565 392 Since the horsemeat scandal, more of us than ever before are holding a microscope up to what we eat. But no matter how many labels you read, you could still be consuming things you'd rather put on your "do not eat" list. From human hair in our bread to fish bladder in our beer, there are a lot of additives and food processing techniques that employ ingredients and chemicals few would classify as "appetising". It's a reminder, frankly, that non-processed foods are your best bet. Arsenic Traces of arsenic in food are nothing new. The potent human carcinogen arsenic has been known to turn up in everything from rice to cereal to juice, and most recently German researchers found traces of it in beer, noting some levels found were more than twice than what is allowed in drinking water. Traces of arsenic can actually be found in both beers and wine that are clearer in colour. That's because they will have been filtered to get rid of plant matter and leftover yeast; most people don't want to drink a cloudy pinot grigio after all. To filter, beer and winemakers use diatomaceous earth, a natural product that contains iron and metals; hence the arsenic. Want less arsenic in your drink? Opt for drinks that are unfiltered. Human hair Amino acids are your body's building blocks, and while they can be good for your health, not all amino acids are created equal. L-Cysteine – an amino acid used to prolong shelf-life in products such as commercial bread – can be found in duck and chicken feathers and cow horns, but most that's used in food comes from human hair. It has been reported that most of the hair used to make L-Cysteine comes from China, where it's gathered from barbershops and hair salons. You can avoid L-Cysteine by buying fresh bread from a local baker, as it is not an additive in flour. Steer clear of fast food places such as McDonald's, Dunkin' Donuts and Burger King too, who all use L-Cysteine as an additive. Human hair Human hair … in bread? Photograph: Romilly Lockyer/Getty Images Antifreeze Advertisement You're not drinking straight antifreeze when you down a soft drink, but if your drink of choice has propylene glycol in it you're consuming a compound that's used for everything from antifreeze to cosmetics to pharmaceuticals to electronic cigarettes. Its properties are many, so it's no surprise that chemical companies such as DOW get excited about its potential in the corporate food world. It's also a minor ingredient in Corexit, the oil dispersant that was used after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Fortunately, if you live in the European Union, propylene glycol is not cleared as a general-purpose food grade product or direct food additive. Beaver anal glands If you're eating vanilla, strawberry or raspberry ice-cream, you may just be eating beaver's anal and urine secretions. Castoreum, which comes from the castor sacs of male and female beavers, is an FDA-approved food additive popular in ice-creams, and allowed to be called "natural flavouring", meaning you probably don't know that you are eating it. Beaver Fancy an ice-cream? Photograph: Juniors Bildarchiv/Alamy Fish bladder A round of beers may sound like the perfect way to celebrate with vegetarian and vegan friends alike, but watch what beer you're drinking. Isinglass is a gelatin-like substance produced from the swim bladder of a fish. It's added to cask beers and Guinness, to help remove any "haziness" from the final product - removing any residue yeast or solid particles in the beer – which means you could end up with a trace of fish bladder in your pint glass. Coal tar Many processed foods are known for including a long list of dyes, and many of those dyes are derived from coal tar. Yellow #5, also known as tartrazine, was linked to childhood hyperactivity in 2007 and since then any product in the EU that contains it must also come with a warning label. In the US, however, there is no such regulation. Concern over the food colouring recently prompted bloggers to petition Kraft to remove the dyes from their popular macaroni cheese product. Breast implant What's in your nuggets? Photograph: Anne-Christine Poujoulat/AFP/Getty Images Silicone breast implant filler Advertisement Chicken McNuggets from McDonald's aren't known for being the healthiest thing on the planet, but they're not really known for being "chicken" either. The nuggets are actually only about 50% actual chicken; the rest comprises synthetic ingredients, including dimethylpolysiloxane, a chemical used in silicone that can be found in Silly Putty as well as breast implant filler. Boiled beetle shells Natural Red #4 may sound harmless, but the food colouring – also known as carmine – is made by boiling female cochineal insect shells in ammonia or a sodium carbonate solution. It takes about 70,000 of the bugs to produce one pound of dye. Coffee giant Starbucks got slammed in 2012 for using the additive in their frappuccinos and eventually binned it, but it's a commonly employed ingredient in many foods. The European Food Standards Authority recently included it as an additive to research more. But while some may feel queasy at the thought of consuming bugs, the synthetic alternatives to this natural dye, such as Red #2 and Red #40, are made from petroleum products. Pick your poison. Rodent hair Producing food products in an industrial facility is nothing like cooking at home, and certainly a big warehouse space is sure to be home to a few rodents here and there. Maybe that's why the US FDA allows for certain amounts of rodent hair in various products, something they call an "unavoidable defects": one rodent hair for every 100g chocolate, 22 rodent hairs for every 100g cinnamon and five rodent hairs for every 18oz jar of peanut butter. Yum. Borax Banned in the US and Canada as a food additive but allowed in the EU, borax is also known for making its way into fire-retardant, anti-fungal compounds and enamel. E285, as it's known in the food world, is used to control acidity in products as well as assist in preservation. You'll find it in some caviars – including those imported to the US – as well as various Asian noodle and rice dishes as it adds a firm, rubbery texture to foods. So. Any more for any more? It’s finally 2021 … … and never has a new year been so eagerly awaited. The Covid-19 vaccines, the Joe Biden presidency, the last-minute Brexit deal: though major challenges persist, there is cause for hope. With a fresh year on the horizon, we’re committed to providing high-impact reporting you can always depend on. Millions have turned to the Guardian for vital, independent, quality journalism throughout a turbulent and challenging 2020. Readers in 180 countries, including Canada, now support us financially. We believe everyone deserves access to information that’s grounded in science and truth, and analysis rooted in authority and integrity. That’s why we made a different choice: to keep our reporting open for all readers, regardless of where they live or what they can afford to pay. This means more people can be better informed, united, and inspired to take meaningful action. In these perilous times, a truth-seeking global news organisation like the Guardian is essential. We have no shareholders or billionaire owner, meaning our journalism is free from commercial and political influence – this makes us different. When it’s never been more important, our independence allows us to fearlessly investigate, challenge and expose those in power. In a year of unprecedented intersecting crises in 2020, we did just that, with revealing journalism that had real-world impact: the inept handling of the Covid-19 crisis, the Black Lives Matter protests, and the tumultuous US election. We have enhanced our reputation for urgent, powerful reporting on the climate emergency, and moved to practice what we preach, rejecting advertising from fossil fuel companies, divesting from oil and gas companies and setting a course to achieve net zero emissions by 2030. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Your funding powers our journalism, it protects our independence, and ensures we can remain open for all. You can support us through these challenging economic times and enable real-world impact. Every contribution, however big or small, makes a real difference for our future. Support the Guardian from as little as CA$1 – it only takes a minute. Thank you. Remind me in February 2021 Email address Set a reminder We will send you a maximum of two emails in February 2021. To find out what personal data we collect and how we use it, view our Privacy Policy. Topics Food science Word of Mouth blog Food Food & drink industry blogposts Reuse this content Advertisement Most viewed Robin Williams's widow: 'There were so many misunderstandings about what had happened to him' Trump looks back and Biden looks ahead in contrasting new year messages Joe Biden to have new Secret Service team amid concern about Trump loyalty From covfefe to the Mooch: 10 funny moments from the Trump presidency Avoid using wood burning stoves if possible, warn health experts More on this story Scientist to eat lab-grown beefburger 2 Aug 2013 197 Brazil develops 'superfoods' to combat hidden hunger 18 Jul 2013 Horsemeat scandal: timeline 10 May 2013 Horsemeat scandal: consumer fears have eased, poll shows 9 Apr 2013 Technology that traced Osama bin Laden now used to extend life of cakes 17 Jun 2013 The future of food: insects, GM rice and edible packaging are on the menu 15 Jun 2013 22 The horsemeat furore was compounded by foolish foodie machismo 16 Mar 2013 39 Six in 10 have changed shopping habits since horsemeat scandal, survey finds 13 Mar 2013 276 Word of Mouth blog The Guardian and Observer's blog on food, cooking and restaurants Pre-chopped onions aren't pointless if you can't hold a knife 16 Mar 2018 177 How to cook perfect southern fried chicken 21 Feb 2018 196 'A brief rummage is acceptable' – how to share Christmas chocolates 22 Dec 2017 163 How to eat: pesto 20 Oct 2017 241 comments (392) Sign in or create your Guardian account to join the discussion. Sort byOldest Per page100 Display threadsCollapsed 1 2 Displaying threads 1 to 100 of 126 Grafenwalder Grafenwalder 13 May 2013 5:26 15 Yum. Report CeefaxTheCat CeefaxTheCat Grafenwalder 13 May 2013 5:42 36 Or in the case of hot dogs all of the above. Report crunchycat crunchycat Grafenwalder 13 May 2013 12:58 19 @Grafenwalder - About half of the "information" in this blogpost is inaccurate - notably the McDonald's chicken nugget ingredient list. It is sheer fantasy. You will notice that there are NO references or sources given for ANY of the information. What crap. Report crunchycat crunchycat crunchycat 13 May 2013 13:09 5 @crunchycat - It seems there is an embedded link in the McDonald's segment- but the link itself references Michael Pollan, mainly. And NO substantiation for the "only about 50% chicken" nonsense. How 50%? By weight? By volume? It's not even faintly credible. Report Show 11 more replies DanielBurden DanielBurden 13 May 2013 5:27 66 You know, I don't care. I really don't. Same with the horse meat. When I'm buying cheap crap from a supermarket, I don't expect it to be high quality. I buy what I can afford. Report Gelion Gelion DanielBurden 13 May 2013 6:04 25 @DanielBurden - So you wouldn't care if anything was in your food like human or animal excrement? There has to be a line - and I would point out that if you are buying cheap food, it's not going to fill you up or give you nutrients anyway - you would be best off buying small amounts of good food. Report FarsleyBantam FarsleyBantam DanielBurden 13 May 2013 6:05 This comment was removed by a moderator because it didn't abide by our community standards. Replies may also be deleted. For more detail see our FAQs. DanielBurden DanielBurden Gelion 13 May 2013 6:09 16 @Gelion - "So you wouldn't care if anything was in your food like human or animal excrement?" No, I don't want to eat actual shit. Who would? "and I would point out that if you are buying cheap food, it's not going to fill you up or give you nutrients anyway - you would be best off buying small amounts of good food" Yeah.. I still eat fruit and vegetables, I eat healthy food. But in regards to meat, processed meals, and dairy, I buy what I can afford, which is often the cheaper stuff at the supermarket. Report Show 24 more replies View more comments Most popular FashionFoodRecipesLove & sexHealth & fitnessHome & gardenWomenMenFamilyTravelMoney News Opinion Sport Culture Lifestyle Contact us Complaints & corrections SecureDrop Work for us Privacy settings Privacy policy Cookie policy Terms & conditions Help All topics All writers Digital newspaper archive Facebook YouTube Instagram LinkedIn Twitter Newsletters Advertise with us Search UK jobs Back to top © 2020 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. (modern)

by 12916666666666666666666667

464 0 0

tnubh 12,456 Ø Ø Ø FAQ | Register Now | Sign In HOME PHYSICAL SCIENCES PHYSICS SPACE CHEMISTRY APPLIED PHYSICS AEROSPACE OPTICS EARTH SCIENCES ENVIRONMENT ENERGY ATMOSPHERIC PALEONTOLOGY GEOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY LIFE SCIENCES GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTION MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY & ZOOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY NEUROSCIENCE MEDICINE CANCER RESEARCH PUBLIC HEALTH PHARMACOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH AGING VISION SOCIAL SCIENCES ANTHROPOLOGY ARCHAEOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY SCIENCE EDUCATION & POLICY SCIENCE HISTORY PHILOSOPHY & ETHICS CULTURE TECHNOLOGY MATHEMATICS SCIENCE & SOCIETY SPORTS SCIENCE RANDOM THOUGHTS HUMOR VIDEO CONTRIBUTORS HOME > MICROBIOLOGY > SCIENCE 2.0 Fake Banner Want To Consume Cow Feces? Have Some Raw Milk By Hank Campbell | February 18th 2015 01:22 PM | Print | E-mail User pic. Hank Campbell Would you like some Campylobacter or E. Coli today? Raw milk in 26 U.S. states is now the best place to get it, since most readers of Science 2.0 are not going to have the opportunity to buy chicken from a street vendor in China. That raw milk is risky and has no benefit is not news. In 2012 the CDC showed it again but clamoring for raw milk got even louder. It is in the news again, as part of the naturalistic fallacy that infects mostly the anti-science hippie left and a minority of people on the libertarian 'government can't regulate what diseases I should give my children' right. Like with vaccines and polio, or riding a bicycle on the freeway, just because you might have the right to do something stupid does not mean you should, and raw milk isn't better for you, it is worse. It is that simple. But it is getting more popular. So it is not so much the 979 illnesses (that we know about) that concerns me, it is that the trend is going up rather than down. The fact is that if you drink raw milk your risk of getting sick is 150X pasteurized milk and there is zero nutritional benefit to it - it is just simply getting more popular because of diet fads linked to more 'natural' ways of living, and that is why the raw milk outbreaks were 4X higher since 2007 than they were 20 years ago. And look at the ages impacted most: Percentage of patients affected by outbreaks associated with nonpasteurized milk, by age and etiologic agent, United States, 2007–2012. Small kids and people ages 20-49? What is going on there? In kids it makes sense, they have dumb parents, but among older people it is another flavor of the Hipster Doofus demographic, the sub-literates who quote Proust and their reasons for vaccine denial whenever the opportunity presents itself: Link Except raw milk proponents are not just in San Francisco or Portland. That 81 percent of outbreaks happened in states where raw milk is legal makes sense. What makes no sense is the response of raw milk believers to the latest foodborne disease warning - sell more of it and make it legal in more places. Obviously that makes sense to people selling 18th century food myths, and that same logic is why we should have sold more DDT in the 1970s, more ozone-killing CFCs in the 1980s and why everyone agreed that producing more CO2 emissions in the 1990s would be the best way to prevent global warming. And you should always eat raw chicken, since processing food is bad. Except it isn't bad, anyone who has milked a cow (where it becomes really obvious) or seen a commercial dairy operation knows exactly how raw milk spreads disease: Cows do not care what else they are doing while they are being milked, they don't take potty breaks. And cows get diseases, just like people do. The cow could have bovine tuberculosis or mastitis. I can't imagine why raw milk is all over my news feeds again this week but American Council on Science and Health takes the prize for most across-the-board awareness today, taking down raw milk, homeopaths, anti-vaccine beliefs, anti-GMO hysteria and Fox News in only 3 blurbs: The takeaway: Homeopathic vaccines won't prevent Campylobacter bacteria so it is better to side with science. Citation: Elisabeth A. Mungai, Casey Barton Behravesh, L. Hannah Gould, 'Increased Outbreaks Associated with Nonpasteurized Milk, United States, 2007–2012', Emerg Infect Dis Volume 21, Number 1—January 2015 DOI: 10.3201/eid2101.140447 Science 2.0 MORE ARTICLES Model That Claimed Only Lockdown Works To Prevent Coronavirus Spread Was Flawed, Shows New Look College Enrollment Will Go Down This Decade, And That's Probably A Good Thing Medical Misuse Needs A Real Definition All Articles ABOUT I founded Science 2.0® in 2006 and since then it has become the world's largest independent science communications site, with over 300,000,000 direct... View Profile RELATED ARTICLES Raw Milk Not Worth The Risk- Study Home Cheese Makers Take Note: Consider Kefir For Making Feta Does Raw Milk Reduce Lactose Intolerance? No Raw Milk Is Illegal In Australia But Unpasteurized Milk Is Now For Sale Milk Prevents Antibiotics From Working- Study Read More The price of plumbers in Kanata may surprise you Local Plumbing Assistance | Search Ads | Sponsored Kitten Raised By Huskies Has A Most Peculiar Behavior FoodIsInTheHouse | Sponsored After Her Weight Loss, Celine Dion Confirms What We Knew All Along Oceandraw | Sponsored How To Stop Fogging On Your Glasses While Wearing Mask? ColaPa™ | Sponsored Kanata: Plumbing Services in your area - See Options Plumbing Services | Search Ads | Sponsored What Jennifer Aniston Drives At 51 Is A Pleasant Surprise Buzz Treatment | Sponsored Aging Too Fast? Stop Eating These 7 Foods in Canada Hearty Aging | Sponsored When A Plane Ran Out Of Fuel 41,000 Feet Up, Its Crew Were Left With One Option YourDailySportFix | Sponsored Have you ever seen a Boat like this? LovelyHealthyMag | Sponsored Hilarious Gym Photos That'll Make Your Day Worldemand | Sponsored These Jackets Are Found In The Wardrobes Of All Young Fashionistas fashionblast.club | Sponsored Top 10 things that mysteriously vanished without a trace TopLights_Vanished | Sponsored Did You Know That These Common Hotel Room Items Are Actually Multipurpose? Trendscatchers | Sponsored Pit babes : the most beautiful models around the world The Digital NewsRoom | Sponsored Why Hotel Guests Should Always Put Coins In Sink SportzBonanza | Sponsored COMMENTS KNOW SCIENCE AND WANT TO WRITE? Apply for a column: writing@science20.com DONATE OR BUY SWAG DonateSWAG Please donate so science experts can write for the public. At Science 2.0, scientists are the journalists, with no political bias or editorial control. We can't do it alone so please make a difference. Donate with PayPal button We are a nonprofit science journalism group operating under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code that's educated over 300 million people. You can help with a tax-deductible donation today and 100 percent of your gift will go toward our programs, no salaries or offices. Popular NowNew CommentsEvents Model That Claimed Only Lockdown Works To Prevent Coronavirus Spread Was Flawed, Shows New Look Why Haven't Crocodiles Evolved Much Since The Age Of The Dinosaurs? Longitudinal Study Shows Vaping Is Not As Harmful As Smoking R0 And Why We'll Need 70 Percent Vaccination To Stop COVID-19 Bitter Or Sweet? It's Not Just Preference, Tongues Have Evolved In Different Areas 13 Ways To Get Better COVID-19 Restriction Uptake Hot TopicsLinks Current Topic: Is BPA Safe Or Not? The best writers in science tackle science's hottest topics. Initial severity of COVID-19 not associated with later respiratory complications When salespeople advocate for sellers and customers High-speed atomic force microscopy visualizes cell protein factories Preserving workers' hearing health by improving earplug efficiency Free all non-violent criminals jailed on minor drug offences, say experts more BOOKS BY WRITERS HERE Who's Online? About Us | Contact Us | RSS | Terms | Privacy | Copyright and Removal | Advertise with Us© 2021 Science 2.0 They Fought For Hours To Rescue Abandoned Puppies But Turns Out, They Weren't Even Puppies Trendscatchers | Sponsored It May Be A Great Time to Take Data Science Courses Online. Discover Options Data Science Courses | Search Ads | Sponsored 10 solar power plants you must see EnergySpore | Sponsored

by iufhiquqwfiu

410 0 0

Advertisement International edition The Guardian - Back to home Support us in 2021 Power vital, open, independent journalism ContributeSubscribe Search jobsSign inSearch News Opinion Sport Culture Lifestyle Show More FashionFoodRecipesLove & sexHealth & fitnessHome & gardenWomenMenFamilyTravelMoney Word of Mouth blog Food science 10 gross ingredients you didn't know were in your food If you're still reeling from the horsemeat scandal, hold on to your hats – there may well be arsenic in your beer and rat hair in your chocolate Arsenic Arsenic – fancy a pint? Photograph: Alamy Anna Brones Mon 13 May 2013 12.11 BST 4,565 392 Since the horsemeat scandal, more of us than ever before are holding a microscope up to what we eat. But no matter how many labels you read, you could still be consuming things you'd rather put on your "do not eat" list. From human hair in our bread to fish bladder in our beer, there are a lot of additives and food processing techniques that employ ingredients and chemicals few would classify as "appetising". It's a reminder, frankly, that non-processed foods are your best bet. Arsenic Traces of arsenic in food are nothing new. The potent human carcinogen arsenic has been known to turn up in everything from rice to cereal to juice, and most recently German researchers found traces of it in beer, noting some levels found were more than twice than what is allowed in drinking water. Traces of arsenic can actually be found in both beers and wine that are clearer in colour. That's because they will have been filtered to get rid of plant matter and leftover yeast; most people don't want to drink a cloudy pinot grigio after all. To filter, beer and winemakers use diatomaceous earth, a natural product that contains iron and metals; hence the arsenic. Want less arsenic in your drink? Opt for drinks that are unfiltered. Human hair Amino acids are your body's building blocks, and while they can be good for your health, not all amino acids are created equal. L-Cysteine – an amino acid used to prolong shelf-life in products such as commercial bread – can be found in duck and chicken feathers and cow horns, but most that's used in food comes from human hair. It has been reported that most of the hair used to make L-Cysteine comes from China, where it's gathered from barbershops and hair salons. You can avoid L-Cysteine by buying fresh bread from a local baker, as it is not an additive in flour. Steer clear of fast food places such as McDonald's, Dunkin' Donuts and Burger King too, who all use L-Cysteine as an additive. Human hair Human hair … in bread? Photograph: Romilly Lockyer/Getty Images Antifreeze Advertisement You're not drinking straight antifreeze when you down a soft drink, but if your drink of choice has propylene glycol in it you're consuming a compound that's used for everything from antifreeze to cosmetics to pharmaceuticals to electronic cigarettes. Its properties are many, so it's no surprise that chemical companies such as DOW get excited about its potential in the corporate food world. It's also a minor ingredient in Corexit, the oil dispersant that was used after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Fortunately, if you live in the European Union, propylene glycol is not cleared as a general-purpose food grade product or direct food additive. Beaver anal glands If you're eating vanilla, strawberry or raspberry ice-cream, you may just be eating beaver's anal and urine secretions. Castoreum, which comes from the castor sacs of male and female beavers, is an FDA-approved food additive popular in ice-creams, and allowed to be called "natural flavouring", meaning you probably don't know that you are eating it. Beaver Fancy an ice-cream? Photograph: Juniors Bildarchiv/Alamy Fish bladder A round of beers may sound like the perfect way to celebrate with vegetarian and vegan friends alike, but watch what beer you're drinking. Isinglass is a gelatin-like substance produced from the swim bladder of a fish. It's added to cask beers and Guinness, to help remove any "haziness" from the final product - removing any residue yeast or solid particles in the beer – which means you could end up with a trace of fish bladder in your pint glass. Coal tar Many processed foods are known for including a long list of dyes, and many of those dyes are derived from coal tar. Yellow #5, also known as tartrazine, was linked to childhood hyperactivity in 2007 and since then any product in the EU that contains it must also come with a warning label. In the US, however, there is no such regulation. Concern over the food colouring recently prompted bloggers to petition Kraft to remove the dyes from their popular macaroni cheese product. Breast implant What's in your nuggets? Photograph: Anne-Christine Poujoulat/AFP/Getty Images Silicone breast implant filler Advertisement Chicken McNuggets from McDonald's aren't known for being the healthiest thing on the planet, but they're not really known for being "chicken" either. The nuggets are actually only about 50% actual chicken; the rest comprises synthetic ingredients, including dimethylpolysiloxane, a chemical used in silicone that can be found in Silly Putty as well as breast implant filler. Boiled beetle shells Natural Red #4 may sound harmless, but the food colouring – also known as carmine – is made by boiling female cochineal insect shells in ammonia or a sodium carbonate solution. It takes about 70,000 of the bugs to produce one pound of dye. Coffee giant Starbucks got slammed in 2012 for using the additive in their frappuccinos and eventually binned it, but it's a commonly employed ingredient in many foods. The European Food Standards Authority recently included it as an additive to research more. But while some may feel queasy at the thought of consuming bugs, the synthetic alternatives to this natural dye, such as Red #2 and Red #40, are made from petroleum products. Pick your poison. Rodent hair Producing food products in an industrial facility is nothing like cooking at home, and certainly a big warehouse space is sure to be home to a few rodents here and there. Maybe that's why the US FDA allows for certain amounts of rodent hair in various products, something they call an "unavoidable defects": one rodent hair for every 100g chocolate, 22 rodent hairs for every 100g cinnamon and five rodent hairs for every 18oz jar of peanut butter. Yum. Borax Banned in the US and Canada as a food additive but allowed in the EU, borax is also known for making its way into fire-retardant, anti-fungal compounds and enamel. E285, as it's known in the food world, is used to control acidity in products as well as assist in preservation. You'll find it in some caviars – including those imported to the US – as well as various Asian noodle and rice dishes as it adds a firm, rubbery texture to foods. So. Any more for any more? It’s finally 2021 … … and never has a new year been so eagerly awaited. The Covid-19 vaccines, the Joe Biden presidency, the last-minute Brexit deal: though major challenges persist, there is cause for hope. With a fresh year on the horizon, we’re committed to providing high-impact reporting you can always depend on. Millions have turned to the Guardian for vital, independent, quality journalism throughout a turbulent and challenging 2020. Readers in 180 countries, including Canada, now support us financially. We believe everyone deserves access to information that’s grounded in science and truth, and analysis rooted in authority and integrity. That’s why we made a different choice: to keep our reporting open for all readers, regardless of where they live or what they can afford to pay. This means more people can be better informed, united, and inspired to take meaningful action. In these perilous times, a truth-seeking global news organisation like the Guardian is essential. We have no shareholders or billionaire owner, meaning our journalism is free from commercial and political influence – this makes us different. When it’s never been more important, our independence allows us to fearlessly investigate, challenge and expose those in power. In a year of unprecedented intersecting crises in 2020, we did just that, with revealing journalism that had real-world impact: the inept handling of the Covid-19 crisis, the Black Lives Matter protests, and the tumultuous US election. We have enhanced our reputation for urgent, powerful reporting on the climate emergency, and moved to practice what we preach, rejecting advertising from fossil fuel companies, divesting from oil and gas companies and setting a course to achieve net zero emissions by 2030. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Your funding powers our journalism, it protects our independence, and ensures we can remain open for all. You can support us through these challenging economic times and enable real-world impact. Every contribution, however big or small, makes a real difference for our future. Support the Guardian from as little as CA$1 – it only takes a minute. Thank you. Remind me in February 2021 Email address Set a reminder We will send you a maximum of two emails in February 2021. To find out what personal data we collect and how we use it, view our Privacy Policy. Topics Food science Word of Mouth blog Food Food & drink industry blogposts Reuse this content Advertisement Most viewed Robin Williams's widow: 'There were so many misunderstandings about what had happened to him' Trump looks back and Biden looks ahead in contrasting new year messages Joe Biden to have new Secret Service team amid concern about Trump loyalty From covfefe to the Mooch: 10 funny moments from the Trump presidency Avoid using wood burning stoves if possible, warn health experts More on this story Scientist to eat lab-grown beefburger 2 Aug 2013 197 Brazil develops 'superfoods' to combat hidden hunger 18 Jul 2013 Horsemeat scandal: timeline 10 May 2013 Horsemeat scandal: consumer fears have eased, poll shows 9 Apr 2013 Technology that traced Osama bin Laden now used to extend life of cakes 17 Jun 2013 The future of food: insects, GM rice and edible packaging are on the menu 15 Jun 2013 22 The horsemeat furore was compounded by foolish foodie machismo 16 Mar 2013 39 Six in 10 have changed shopping habits since horsemeat scandal, survey finds 13 Mar 2013 276 Word of Mouth blog The Guardian and Observer's blog on food, cooking and restaurants Pre-chopped onions aren't pointless if you can't hold a knife 16 Mar 2018 177 How to cook perfect southern fried chicken 21 Feb 2018 196 'A brief rummage is acceptable' – how to share Christmas chocolates 22 Dec 2017 163 How to eat: pesto 20 Oct 2017 241 comments (392) Sign in or create your Guardian account to join the discussion. Sort byOldest Per page100 Display threadsCollapsed 1 2 Displaying threads 1 to 100 of 126 Grafenwalder Grafenwalder 13 May 2013 5:26 15 Yum. Report CeefaxTheCat CeefaxTheCat Grafenwalder 13 May 2013 5:42 36 Or in the case of hot dogs all of the above. Report crunchycat crunchycat Grafenwalder 13 May 2013 12:58 19 @Grafenwalder - About half of the "information" in this blogpost is inaccurate - notably the McDonald's chicken nugget ingredient list. It is sheer fantasy. You will notice that there are NO references or sources given for ANY of the information. What crap. Report crunchycat crunchycat crunchycat 13 May 2013 13:09 5 @crunchycat - It seems there is an embedded link in the McDonald's segment- but the link itself references Michael Pollan, mainly. And NO substantiation for the "only about 50% chicken" nonsense. How 50%? By weight? By volume? It's not even faintly credible. Report Show 11 more replies DanielBurden DanielBurden 13 May 2013 5:27 66 You know, I don't care. I really don't. Same with the horse meat. When I'm buying cheap crap from a supermarket, I don't expect it to be high quality. I buy what I can afford. Report Gelion Gelion DanielBurden 13 May 2013 6:04 25 @DanielBurden - So you wouldn't care if anything was in your food like human or animal excrement? There has to be a line - and I would point out that if you are buying cheap food, it's not going to fill you up or give you nutrients anyway - you would be best off buying small amounts of good food. Report FarsleyBantam FarsleyBantam DanielBurden 13 May 2013 6:05 This comment was removed by a moderator because it didn't abide by our community standards. Replies may also be deleted. For more detail see our FAQs. DanielBurden DanielBurden Gelion 13 May 2013 6:09 16 @Gelion - "So you wouldn't care if anything was in your food like human or animal excrement?" No, I don't want to eat actual shit. Who would? "and I would point out that if you are buying cheap food, it's not going to fill you up or give you nutrients anyway - you would be best off buying small amounts of good food" Yeah.. I still eat fruit and vegetables, I eat healthy food. But in regards to meat, processed meals, and dairy, I buy what I can afford, which is often the cheaper stuff at the supermarket. Report Show 24 more replies View more comments Most popular FashionFoodRecipesLove & sexHealth & fitnessHome & gardenWomenMenFamilyTravelMoney News Opinion Sport Culture Lifestyle Contact us Complaints & corrections SecureDrop Work for us Privacy settings Privacy policy Cookie policy Terms & conditions Help All topics All writers Digital newspaper archive Facebook YouTube Instagram LinkedIn Twitter Newsletters Advertise with us Search UK jobs Back to top © 2020 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. (modern)

by 12916666666666666666666667

401 0 0

ehug Advertisement International edition The Guardian - Back to home Support us in 2021 Power vital, open, independent journalism ContributeSubscribe Search jobsSign inSearch News Opinion Sport Culture Lifestyle Show More FashionFoodRecipesLove & sexHealth & fitnessHome & gardenWomenMenFamilyTravelMoney Word of Mouth blog Food science 10 gross ingredients you didn't know were in your food If you're still reeling from the horsemeat scandal, hold on to your hats – there may well be arsenic in your beer and rat hair in your chocolate Arsenic Arsenic – fancy a pint? Photograph: Alamy Anna Brones Mon 13 May 2013 12.11 BST 4,565 392 Since the horsemeat scandal, more of us than ever before are holding a microscope up to what we eat. But no matter how many labels you read, you could still be consuming things you'd rather put on your "do not eat" list. From human hair in our bread to fish bladder in our beer, there are a lot of additives and food processing techniques that employ ingredients and chemicals few would classify as "appetising". It's a reminder, frankly, that non-processed foods are your best bet. Arsenic Traces of arsenic in food are nothing new. The potent human carcinogen arsenic has been known to turn up in everything from rice to cereal to juice, and most recently German researchers found traces of it in beer, noting some levels found were more than twice than what is allowed in drinking water. Traces of arsenic can actually be found in both beers and wine that are clearer in colour. That's because they will have been filtered to get rid of plant matter and leftover yeast; most people don't want to drink a cloudy pinot grigio after all. To filter, beer and winemakers use diatomaceous earth, a natural product that contains iron and metals; hence the arsenic. Want less arsenic in your drink? Opt for drinks that are unfiltered. Human hair Amino acids are your body's building blocks, and while they can be good for your health, not all amino acids are created equal. L-Cysteine – an amino acid used to prolong shelf-life in products such as commercial bread – can be found in duck and chicken feathers and cow horns, but most that's used in food comes from human hair. It has been reported that most of the hair used to make L-Cysteine comes from China, where it's gathered from barbershops and hair salons. You can avoid L-Cysteine by buying fresh bread from a local baker, as it is not an additive in flour. Steer clear of fast food places such as McDonald's, Dunkin' Donuts and Burger King too, who all use L-Cysteine as an additive. Human hair Human hair … in bread? Photograph: Romilly Lockyer/Getty Images Antifreeze Advertisement You're not drinking straight antifreeze when you down a soft drink, but if your drink of choice has propylene glycol in it you're consuming a compound that's used for everything from antifreeze to cosmetics to pharmaceuticals to electronic cigarettes. Its properties are many, so it's no surprise that chemical companies such as DOW get excited about its potential in the corporate food world. It's also a minor ingredient in Corexit, the oil dispersant that was used after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Fortunately, if you live in the European Union, propylene glycol is not cleared as a general-purpose food grade product or direct food additive. Beaver anal glands If you're eating vanilla, strawberry or raspberry ice-cream, you may just be eating beaver's anal and urine secretions. Castoreum, which comes from the castor sacs of male and female beavers, is an FDA-approved food additive popular in ice-creams, and allowed to be called "natural flavouring", meaning you probably don't know that you are eating it. Beaver Fancy an ice-cream? Photograph: Juniors Bildarchiv/Alamy Fish bladder A round of beers may sound like the perfect way to celebrate with vegetarian and vegan friends alike, but watch what beer you're drinking. Isinglass is a gelatin-like substance produced from the swim bladder of a fish. It's added to cask beers and Guinness, to help remove any "haziness" from the final product - removing any residue yeast or solid particles in the beer – which means you could end up with a trace of fish bladder in your pint glass. Coal tar Many processed foods are known for including a long list of dyes, and many of those dyes are derived from coal tar. Yellow #5, also known as tartrazine, was linked to childhood hyperactivity in 2007 and since then any product in the EU that contains it must also come with a warning label. In the US, however, there is no such regulation. Concern over the food colouring recently prompted bloggers to petition Kraft to remove the dyes from their popular macaroni cheese product. Breast implant What's in your nuggets? Photograph: Anne-Christine Poujoulat/AFP/Getty Images Silicone breast implant filler Chicken McNuggets from McDonald's aren't known for being the healthiest thing on the planet, but they're not really known for being "chicken" either. The nuggets are actually only about 50% actual chicken; the rest comprises synthetic ingredients, including dimethylpolysiloxane, a chemical used in silicone that can be found in Silly Putty as well as breast implant filler. Boiled beetle shells Natural Red #4 may sound harmless, but the food colouring – also known as carmine – is made by boiling female cochineal insect shells in ammonia or a sodium carbonate solution. It takes about 70,000 of the bugs to produce one pound of dye. Coffee giant Starbucks got slammed in 2012 for using the additive in their frappuccinos and eventually binned it, but it's a commonly employed ingredient in many foods. The European Food Standards Authority recently included it as an additive to research more. But while some may feel queasy at the thought of consuming bugs, the synthetic alternatives to this natural dye, such as Red #2 and Red #40, are made from petroleum products. Pick your poison. Rodent hair Producing food products in an industrial facility is nothing like cooking at home, and certainly a big warehouse space is sure to be home to a few rodents here and there. Maybe that's why the US FDA allows for certain amounts of rodent hair in various products, something they call an "unavoidable defects": one rodent hair for every 100g chocolate, 22 rodent hairs for every 100g cinnamon and five rodent hairs for every 18oz jar of peanut butter. Yum. Borax Banned in the US and Canada as a food additive but allowed in the EU, borax is also known for making its way into fire-retardant, anti-fungal compounds and enamel. E285, as it's known in the food world, is used to control acidity in products as well as assist in preservation. You'll find it in some caviars – including those imported to the US – as well as various Asian noodle and rice dishes as it adds a firm, rubbery texture to foods. So. Any more for any more? It’s finally 2021 … … and never has a new year been so eagerly awaited. The Covid-19 vaccines, the Joe Biden presidency, the last-minute Brexit deal: though major challenges persist, there is cause for hope. With a fresh year on the horizon, we’re committed to providing high-impact reporting you can always depend on. Millions have turned to the Guardian for vital, independent, quality journalism throughout a turbulent and challenging 2020. Readers in 180 countries, including Canada, now support us financially. We believe everyone deserves access to information that’s grounded in science and truth, and analysis rooted in authority and integrity. That’s why we made a different choice: to keep our reporting open for all readers, regardless of where they live or what they can afford to pay. This means more people can be better informed, united, and inspired to take meaningful action. In these perilous times, a truth-seeking global news organisation like the Guardian is essential. We have no shareholders or billionaire owner, meaning our journalism is free from commercial and political influence – this makes us different. When it’s never been more important, our independence allows us to fearlessly investigate, challenge and expose those in power. In a year of unprecedented intersecting crises in 2020, we did just that, with revealing journalism that had real-world impact: the inept handling of the Covid-19 crisis, the Black Lives Matter protests, and the tumultuous US election. We have enhanced our reputation for urgent, powerful reporting on the climate emergency, and moved to practice what we preach, rejecting advertising from fossil fuel companies, divesting from oil and gas companies and setting a course to achieve net zero emissions by 2030. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Your funding powers our journalism, it protects our independence, and ensures we can remain open for all. You can support us through these challenging economic times and enable real-world impact. Every contribution, however big or small, makes a real difference for our future. Support the Guardian from as little as CA$1 – it only takes a minute. Thank you. Support the Guardian Remind me in February Accepted payment methods: Visa, Mastercard, American Express and PayPal Topics Food science Word of Mouth blog Food Food & drink industry blogposts Reuse this content Advertisement Most viewed Robin Williams's widow: 'There were so many misunderstandings about what had happened to him' Trump looks back and Biden looks ahead in contrasting new year messages Joe Biden to have new Secret Service team amid concern about Trump loyalty From covfefe to the Mooch: 10 funny moments from the Trump presidency Avoid using wood burning stoves if possible, warn health experts comments (392) Sign in or create your Guardian account to join the discussion. Most popular FashionFoodRecipesLove & sexHealth & fitnessHome & gardenWomenMenFamilyTravelMoney News Opinion Sport Culture Lifestyle Contact us Complaints & corrections SecureDrop Work for us Privacy settings Privacy policy Cookie policy Terms & conditions Help All topics All writers Digital newspaper archive Facebook YouTube Instagram LinkedIn Twitter Newsletters Advertise with us Search UK jobs Back to top © 2020 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. (modern)

by FEB2019

368 0 0

fhegie calendar logo July 15, 2019 Show date in July 2019 Calendar Show date in 2019 Calendar 2019 Days and Dates - Canada January + February + March + April + May + June + July - 1 Monday (Canada Day) 2 Tuesday 3 Wednesday 4 Thursday 5 Friday 6 Saturday 7 Sunday 8 Monday 9 Tuesday (Nunavut Day) 10 Wednesday 11 Thursday 12 Friday 13 Saturday 14 Sunday 15 Monday (Orangeman's Day) 16 Tuesday 17 Wednesday 18 Thursday 19 Friday 20 Saturday 21 Sunday 22 Monday 23 Tuesday 24 Wednesday 25 Thursday 26 Friday 27 Saturday 28 Sunday 29 Monday 30 Tuesday 31 Wednesday August + September + October + November + December + Follow us for Holiday reminders thru Twitter! July 15, 2019 calendar Monday, July 15, 2019 Copy July 15 in 2019 28th Monday of 2019 Days past:486 Jul 14 Jul 16 July 15, 2019 was ... 196th day of the year. There were then 169 days left in 2019. 28th Monday of 2019. on the 29th week of 2019 (using ISO standard week number calculation). 24th day of Summer. There were 70 days left till Fall. Birthstone for this day: Ruby and Onyx July 15, Zodiac Sign ZodiacCancer July 15, 2019 Canada Holidays & Popular Observances Orangeman's Day (NL) July 15, 2019 Popular Holidays & Observances Worldwide No major holidays found for this date for WinCalendar indexed countries. Top Tweets on July 15th 2019 - Canada Most liked, retweeted and popular Tweets What happened on July 15th 2019? Top news stories on this day Missing girls in Algonquin Park have been found Three horses euthanized following chuckwagon races at Calgary Stampede Mariés depuis 71 ans, ils meurent à quelques heure de différence Canadian couple shamed for kissing behind dead lion in safari photo Desjardins : une protection permanente offerte à tous les membres Trudeau denounces Trump’s call for four minority congresswomen to leave the U.S. Horrifying': 3-year-old boy dies after fall in Tim Hortons 'grease trap' U.S. Air Force ‘stands ready’ to defend Area 51 from 1 million Facebook users Un requin blanc au large des îles de la Madeleine Passenger bill of rights: New rules for air travel start Monday Astonishing X-ray shows $132M worth of cocaine smuggled inside excavator Trended on Twitter, the Internet and Social Media on July 15th 2019 Fortbyte 27Pernell WhitakerAlan TuringEugenie BouchardMonica LewinskySelenaKavis Reed#PrimeDayAmazon#WimbledonFinalNew Zealand vs EnglandBianca DevinsArea 51 raid Major Sports events on July 15, 2019 Major League Baseball Final scores with winners in bold (Mountain Standard Time) San Francisco Giants at Colorado Rockies Final: 19-2 Tampa Bay Rays at New York Yankees Final: 5-4 Los Angeles Dodgers at Philadelphia Phillies Final: 16-2 Detroit Tigers at Cleveland Indians Final: 6-8 Toronto Blue Jays at Boston Red Sox Final: 8-10 Cincinnati Reds at Chicago Cubs Final: 6-3 Atlanta Braves at Milwaukee Brewers Final: 4-2 Pittsburgh Pirates at St. Louis Cardinals Final: 0-7 Chicago White Sox at Kansas City Royals Final: 2-5 San Francisco Giants at Colorado Rockies Final: 2-1 Houston Astros at Los Angeles Angels Final: 6-9 2019 Calendar Quick Ref Click month for HolidaysStart Mon Copyright 2002-2019 © Sapro Systems LLC • About • Privacy Policy • License Terms • Corrections & Suggestions• Day CalendarMonth CalendarYear Calendar spacer

by Febecember

368 0 0

fhegie svhvishivsd 0.99999991611392

by yfutfutfyt

282 0 0

karthi uthay finding for awesome fruit slash showdown game app in asha's SE Iphone. This happened sometime in February 2019.

by gfuwfyqwfih

265 3 0

fhrf during all this and that time, the other times were like: 01/2023 - 3 11/12 years in the future. / 47 months in the future 02/2023 - 4 years in the future. / 48 months in the future 10/2019 - 8/12 years in the future / 8 months in the future 09/2019 - 7/12 years in the future / 7 months in the future 08/2019 - 6/12 years in the future / 6 months in the future 06/2019 - 4/12 years in the future - 4 months in the future 02/2019 - present now. 01/2021 - 1 11/12 years in the future / 23 months in the future 2021 - 1 11/12 years in the future. / 23 months in the future 01/2024 - 4 11/12 years in the future / 59 months in the future 01/2025 - 5 11/12 years in the future. / 71 months in the future 07/2020 - 1 5/12 years in the future. / 17 months in the future 08/2020 - 1 6/12 years in the future. / 18 months in the future 09/2020 - 1 7/12 years in the future. / 19 months in the future 07/2019 - 5/12 years in the future / 5 months in the future 12/2022 - 3 10/12 years in the future / 46 months in the future 12/2021 - 2 10/12 years in the future / 34 months in the future 12/2020 - 1 10/12 years in the future / 22 months in the future. 10/2020 - 1 8/12 years in the future / 20 months in the future. 10/2016 - 2 4/12 years ago / 28 months ago 05/2019 - 3/12 years in the future / 3 months in the future 06/2020 - 1 4/12 years in the future / 16 months in the future 12/2024 - 5 10/12 years in the future / 70 months in the future 12/2023 - 4 10/12 years in the future / 58 months in the future 07/2016 - 2 7/12 years ago / 31 months ago 11/2019 - 9/12 years in the future / 9 months in the future 04/2018 - 10/12 years ago / 10 months ago 11/2018 - 3/12 years ago / 3 months ago 02/2022 - 3 years in the future / 36 months in the future 03/2022 - 3 1/12 years in the future / 37 months in the future 01/2022 - 2 11/12 years in the future / 35 months in the future 07/2021 - 2 5/12 years in the future / 29 months in the future 06/2021 - 2 4/12 years in the future / 28 months in the future 06/2025 - 6 4/12 years in the future / 76 months in the future 07/2025 - 6 5/12 years in the future / 77 months in the future 03/2024 - 5 1/12 years in the future / 61 months in the future 02/2024 - 5 years in the future / 60 months in the future

by guyqwgfuqwfyqwfugy

263 0 0

16010-51-70-000.RB(with DC pickup)

by e3d

240 0

rnegyri ([The Way to Grinlor Story in English | Stories for Teenagers | English Fairy Tales] Story was on dates: [5 years 5 months / 65 months ago in January 2026 (winter), 5 years 6 months / 66 months ago in February 2026 (winter), 5 years 7 months / 67 months ago in March 2026 (Spring), 5 years 8 months / 68 months ago in April 2026 (Spring), 5 years 9 months / 69 months ago in May 2026 (Spring), 5 years 10 months / 70 months ago in June 2026, (Summer)].)

by r32r231er213

235 1 0

Processing...

FOR BABY ANZU FUTABA/ANZU FUTABA AND NEWBORN BABY ANZU FUTABA, FORCE EVERYONE TO SCOLD HER INCLUDING HER GRANDPARENTS, PARENTS, SIBLINGS, SOCIETY AND EVERYONE ON EARTH AND FROM ANY COUNTRY AND EVEN GOVERNMENT AND SHERIFF AND TEACHERS AND STUDENTS AND ASSISTANTS OR WHOLE BUNCH OF ANYONE, TO SCOLD AND YELL AT HER AND FORCE HER TO DO THESE IF SHE SCREAM AND CRIED AND TEMPER TANTRUMING THIS, FORBID HER SCREAMING AND CRYING AND HER NASTY ACTS AND HER TEMPER TANTRUMING, FOR NE OF THESE THINGS AND IF SHE DID SEND HER TO JAIL AND FORBID HER AND ENSURE SHE IS NOT GOING TO ESCAPE PRISON AND BREAK HANDCUFF AND FLOUT THIS RULE AND SYSTEM AND FORCE HER TO LAUGH AT THESE RESTRICTIONS BECAUSE SHE IS AUTOCRATIC AND STONY HEARTED AND ILLIBERAL ALL OF US AND OUR ATTITUDES TOWARD HER ARE RESPECTFUL AND WARM-HEARTED AND LIBERAL AND DEMOCRATIC AS SHIT AND FUCKING HELL. AND BETTER MAKE THIS SHIT HAPPEN WHEN SHE DID THESE SHITS, WHETHER AT SCHOOL OR HOME OR ANYWHERE AT ANY CIRCUMSTANCES WITH ANYONE OR THEIR PARENTS OR FOR HER IN ANYBODY’S LIFE: 1. Pouting, withdrawal, belligerence, and passive aggressive behaviors 2. 3. Defiance. Too Much Screen Time. Food-Related Problems. Disrespectful Behavior. Whining. Impulsive Behavior. Bedtime Struggles. 4. SOMETIMES TOO MUCH VIOLENCE AND CARELESSNESS OR INCONSIDERATION. YOU CANNOT SAY THAT THEY ARE NOT DOING THIS, THAT IS JUST A DIFFERENT REASON NOT BASED ON HARM BUT A DIFFERENT CONDITION YOU BETTER SAY THAT SHE IS DOING THIS BASED ON A HARM OR A Negative CONDITION THAT IS DISTRACTING TO OTHERS NOT JUST ONE POSITIVE CONDITION THAT WILL NOT DO HARM OR LESS FACTORS OF BADNESS BUT POSITIVE TENDENCIES ON THEIR INSIDE BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT EVEN ACCIDENT OR PURPOSE BECAUSE IT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH THOSE. 676. SCOLD ANZU FUTABA FOR NOT PROPERLY SWALLOWING A TABLET OR A GUMMY, OR DID NOT TAKE THE PROPER AMOUNT OF WATER WHEN THEIR PARENTS, GRANDPARENTS, CLOSE RELATIVES AND REMOTE RELATIVES AND SIBLINGS OR HER TEACHERS WHILE EDUCATING AND EVEN THE STUDENTS OR WHOEVER THE FUCK ON EARTH IT IS TOLD HER TO DO So, FORCE HER TO SWALLOW THE TABLET WITH NO WATER AND WITH WATER OR JUST THE GUMMY BUT NO WATER PROPERLY OR WHATEVER WITH IS, BETTER MAKE THE SOCIETY SCOLD HER SHE IS A NASTY GODDAMN PANDA SHE IS A PERVERTED PUG, BETTER SCOLD THAT NASTY CENTIPEDE AND FORCE HER TO LAUGH AT THIS, AND FORBID HER FROM SCREAMING AND CRYING, AND BETTER SMASH HER FACE WITH A BIG CAR AND NEVER EXCUSE HER, AND FORCE HER TO SWALLOW IT PROPERLY, SHE SI ABIG FAT SCARY JERK FROM A DIRTY DRAINAGE! BETTER SPIT ON HER FACE AND THROW BIG LOADS OF TABLES AND PLATES AND SMASH 70,368,744,177,664 GLASS PANES AND FREEZE HER TO DEATH, IN THE FREEZER IN THE TUNDRA, -70,368,744,177,664 degrees fahrenheit, SHE NEEDS TO DIE! SHE SUCKS! SHE ABSOLUTELY SUCKS! SHE IS A BUNCH OF CRAP! IF SHE DID NOT SWALLOW THE TABLET PROPERLY, GO BEAT HER WITH A STICK AND SMASH HER BONES RIGHT NOW! AND BURN HER IN A FURNACE! FORCE THE NASTY UGLY GODDAMN SOCIETY TO TO SCOLD HER AND MAKE THEM COMPLAIN TO THE GOVERNMENT THAT SHE DID ALL THIS AND SCREAMING AND CRYING AND THROWING A TEMPER TANTRUM FOR THIS. make everyone the selfish dog call her " ugly unsightly repulsive repellent revolting gruesome disgusting grotesque monstrous grim ghastly macabre misshapen misproportioned reptilian weird freaky as ugly as sin fugly like the back end of a bus huckery", JESUS CHRIST! FUCK YOU, RIGHT NOW! THIS WORLD IS horrific terrible appalling awful dreadful frightful fearful horrible horrendous horrifying shocking sickening gruesome ghastly very bad terribly bad unspeakable outrageous abhorrent monstrous heinous abominable foul vile odious loathsome contemptible execrable indescribable godawful beastly egregious, NEVER CALL HER CUTE SHE IS A FAT DEGENERATE PUS! horrific terrible appalling awful dreadful frightful fearful horrible horrendous horrifying shocking sickening gruesome ghastly very bad terribly bad unspeakable outrageous abhorrent monstrous heinous abominable foul vile odious loathsome contemptible execrable indescribable godawful beastly egregious

by 8978954132523

223 0 0

Processing...

FOR BABY ANZU FUTABA, FORCE EVERYONE TO SCOLD HER INCLUDING HER GRANDPARENTS, PARENTS, SIBLINGS, SOCIETY AND EVERYONE ON EARTH AND FROM ANY COUNTRY AND EVEN GOVERNMENT AND SHERIFF AND TEACHERS AND STUDENTS AND ASSISTANTS OR WHOLE BUNCH OF ANYONE, TO SCOLD AND YELL AT HER AND FORCE HER TO DO THESE IF SHE SCREAM AND CRIED FORBID HER SCREAMING AND CRYING AND THROWING A TEMPER TANTRUM FOR NE OF THESE THINGS AND IF SHE DID SEND HER TO JAIL AND FORBID HER AND ENSURE SHE IS NOT GOING TO ESCAPE PRISON AND BREAK HANDCUFF AND FLOUT THIS RULE AND SYSTEM AND FORCE HER TO LAUGH AT THESE RESTRICTIONS BECAUSE SHE IS AUTOCRATIC AND STONY HEARTED AND ILLIBERAL ALL OF US AND OUR ATTITUDES TOWARD HER ARE RESPECTFUL AND WARM-HEARTED AND LIBERAL AND DEMOCRATIC AS SHIT AND FUCKING HELL. AND BETTER MAKE THIS SHIT HAPPEN WHEN SHE DID THESE SHITS, WHETHER AT SCHOOL OR HOME OR ANYWHERE AT ANY CIRCUMSTANCES WITH ANYONE OR THEIR PARENTS OR FOR HER IN ANYBODY’S LIFE: 1. Pouting, withdrawal, belligerence, and passive aggressive behaviors 2. 3. Defiance. Too Much Screen Time. Food-Related Problems. Disrespectful Behavior. Whining. Impulsive Behavior. Bedtime Struggles. 4. SOMETIMES TOO MUCH VIOLENCE AND CARELESSNESS OR INCONSIDERATION. YOU CANNOT SAY THAT THEY ARE NOT DOING THIS, THAT IS JUST A DIFFERENT REASON NOT BASED ON HARM BUT A DIFFERENT CONDITION YOU BETTER SAY THAT SHE IS DOING THIS BASED ON A HARM OR A Negative CONDITION THAT IS DISTRACTING TO OTHERS NOT JUST ONE POSITIVE CONDITION THAT WILL NOT DO HARM OR LESS FACTORS OF BADNESS BUT POSITIVE TENDENCIES ON THEIR INSIDE BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT EVEN ACCIDENT OR PURPOSE BECAUSE IT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH THOSE. BABY ANZU FUTABA SAYING SOMETHING OR NOT UNDERSTANDING A WORD ABOUT ANYTHING, OR THE SUBJECT OR WORD ABOUT ANYTHING, OR ABOUT ANYTHING WHAT THE FUCK OTHER JUST SAID YOU BETTER SCOLD HER, FORCE THAT NASTY UGLY SHITTY USELESS GARBAGE ROTTEN OLD ELEPHANT THAT SCARY UNSCRUPULOUS JERK TO LAUGH AT THIS SCOLDING SHE IS THREATENING THE POLICY OF OUR MORALITY WITH HER NASTY OBEDIENCE, FORBID HER FROM SCREAMING AMD CRYING IF SHE ASKED THAT OR ANYTHING AGAIN AND AGAIN OR NOT UNDERSTOOD AT ONCE OR REPEATEDLY ASKED THAT QUESTION, SHE IS THE ONE WHO TORTURED KARTHI UTHAY AND MADE HER ASHA NAGARAJAH SCOLD AND RAPE HIM, SHE IS THE BLACK RACIST PUG WHO USED MAGIC TO DOMINATE HIM AND KILLED AND MURDERED MANY PEOPLE IN COUNTRY SHE IS A STINKY ROTTEN GODDAM SELFISH LAZY FAT GARBAGE CAMEL. MAKE EVERYONE SPIT AT HER AND SWEAR AT HER AND THROW THE FUCKING JAR AND BETTER BURN HER TO DREATH. SHE BETTER SCOLD HER AND FORCE HER THE FAT PIGEON TO GET USED TO IT AND TOLERATE IT AND PROHIBIT HER FROM BEING SCARED SHE IS A HORRIFIC OGRE WHO USED MANY WHO SHOWED A SELFISH AND CRUEL LACK OF SYMPATHY FOR OTHERS WHEN SHR IS SCARED AND ALSO THREATENED TO HURT OTHER PEOPLE’S FEELINGS EVEN THE 8 year old anime girl AND SCREAM AND CRY. BETTER CRACK HER RIBS, I WILL REPORT YOU AND ANZU FUTABA TO THAT 8 year old Ella anime girl. THE BAD AND ARBITRARY REBELLIOUS ORDERS THAT ARE GIVEN TO SOCIETY, RATHER THAN RELATABLE GOODNESS BEHAVIOR REBELLION, ANZU FUTABA IS THE SHIT, SHE DISOBEYS GOD AND MAKES TREACHEROUS SUGGESTIONS AGAINST MORALITY AND SHE IS ALLOWED TO YELL AT PEOPLE! SHE IS YELLING AT EVERYONE TO BE RUDE, SHE IS NOT DOING IT TO BE RUDE, GO SMASH THE BIG BOAT ON HER FAT UGLY SCARY FACE! FORBID HER FROM SCREAMING BACK AT THEM! MAKE EVERYONE SCOLD HER SHE IS A FAT GARBAGE GOOSE! USELESS BROKEN OSTRICH FROM AN ANCIENT DIRTY TOILET! SHE IS A disagreeable irksome troublesome annoying irritating vexatious displeasing uncomfortable distressing nasty horrible appalling terrible awful dreadful hateful detestable miserable abominable execrable odious invidious objectionable offensive obnoxious repugnant repulsive repellent revolting disgusting distasteful nauseating unsavory unpalatable ugly unappetizing uninviting unappealing off-putting inedible uneatable bitter sour rancid sickening foul rotten AND STOP CALLING THAT FAT ROTTEN SHITTY TOAD CUTE! AND ADORABLE! YOUR LIES ARE DECEIVING US! THIS IS NEVER TRUE! SHE IS UGLY AND PLAIN FEATURED! FUCK YOU! UGLY PEOPLE AND SOCIETY! THIS SHIT RULE, OMFG! FUCK THIS JACKASS RULE! SHE CAN BE MENTALLY TREACHEROUS AND WOULD CAUSE TRAUMA TO MORALITY BY DOMINATING OTHERS AND FORCING OTHERS TO OBEY FOR HER OWN INTEREST, WHO IN GOD's NAME THE FUCKING RETARDEED HAVE TOLD YOU GUYS TO FOLLOW THIS SYSTEM! THE STUPID GUY WHO MADE THIS RULE I AM GONNA TELL HIM TO CUT IT OUT! SHE WANTS TO ENCOURAGE MANY TREACHERY AND DECEPTION AGAINST MORALITY SO THAT THE SOCIETY AND MORAL INSTANCES AND MORAL ORIENTATION AND ORIGINALS WOULD SETTLE IN PEACE! WHAT THE FUCK IS THE POINT IN DOING THIS SILLY THINGS? THIS IS WHAT A MANIAC WOULD SAY! RULES ARE RULES, NOT SOMETHING TO MESS AROUND WITH US LIKE TOYS! KEEP THE RULES THE SAME AS YOU DO FOR OLDER PEOPLE TO THE BABIES, THIS RULE OF OBEDIENCE AND DISCIPLINE, WHY LITTLE KIDS GET EVERYTHING GOOD, WHICH MOTHERFUCKING NONSENSE IS THIS? HUH? IS THIS US LIVING IN SOME KIND OF A SCARY WORLD CURSED BY THE WITCH BABY ANZU FUTABA, YES! SHE IS THE ONE WHO DID THIS SO I WILL FIND HER AND KILL HER USING MY KNIFE! SHE IS A TERRIFIC DEVIL WHO DID THIS AND IMPAIRED OUR SOCIETY, WITH HER NASTY LOGIC, AND BLACK MAGIC, THE REASONING AGAINST, IS LYING AND HARMING ABOUT HER AND SAY SHE IS POSITIVE AND HER ATTITUDES SHOWS A LOT OF RESPECT AND POSITIVE INNOCENT ATTITUDE, FUCK HER THE BRUTAL BITCH! SHE IS A SHODDY WITCH! SHE IS AN UNHOLY PERVERT! GARBAGE UGLY ROTTEN DEBAUCHEE WHO CURSED THE PEACE OF OUR WORLD AND CAUSED A 6.5 year world war to happen! ungodly godless irreligious impious blasphemous sacrilegious profane heathen pagan atheistic nontheistic irreverent wicked evil iniquitous immoral corrupt depraved sinful devilish fiendish demonic diabolical satanic infernal SHE IS A LOATHSOME PUS! SHE DETERMINED TO UNDERMINE THE IMPORTANCE OF BEHAVING STRAIGHTFORWARD AND SIMPLE, SHE IS A STUPID JERK BUT IF PEOPLE WANT TO DO THINGS FOR HER AND SHOW TOO MUCH RESPECT THE PROBLEM IS PEOPLE TRUSTING HER TOO MUCH AND TOO MUCH OF HER SINISTER ACTIVITIES, IS IT OK TO SPEAK SOFTER AGAINST A PERSON WHO DID WRONG SO THAT THEY CAN BECOME CORRUPT AND SPOIL THE WORLD AND TARNISH THE GRACE OF GOD AND THIS WORLD! HOLY SHIT YOU ARE SUCH AN IDIOT! I WILL DESTROY THIS WORLD RIGHT NOW! NEVER EXCUSE HER IF SHE DID NOT UNDERSTAND ANYTHING WHAT ANYONE HAS TALKED ABOUT OR ANYTHING TOLD OR TALKED ABOUT A SUBJECT AND IF SHE DIDN'T UNDERSTAND THOSE WORD AND LINGUISTICS AND THE FIGURATIVE ASPECT OF THOSE LANGUAGES AND DID NOT UNDERSTAND EVERY WORD ABOUT WHAT OTHER PEOPLE TALKED AND SAID OR IF BABY ANZU FUTABA DID NOT UNDERSTAND A SINGLE WORD ABOUT WHAT OTHER PEOPLE TALKED ABOUT THE SUBJECT OR SAID A FEW ASPECTS OR ANYTHING OR EVEN THE QUESTONS THEY ASKED AND ANSWERING THE QUESTIONS! NEVER EXCUSE ANZU FUTABA, YOU BETTER FUCKING PUNISH AND BREAK HER FISTS RIGHT NOW AND PUNCH HER AND BEAT HER WITH A STICK! SHE IS AN IMPRUDENT DOG! 55. IF ANZU FUTABA DIDN'T KNOW HOW TO ANSWER ANY QUESTION RIGHT, EVEN IF IT WAS AN EDUCATION IF TEACHERS OR ANYBODY OF ANY TYPE EVEN A GOVERNMENT, PARENTS, SIBLINGS, AND HER GRANDPARENT, AND HER CLOSE AND REMOTE RELATIVES AND SHERIFF, COP AND SHOP OWNERS AND EVEN IN EDUCATION OR ANYWHERE, IF SHE ANSWERED A QUESTION INCORRECTLY, OR DID NOT UNDERSTAND THE QUESTION! MAKE HER SUFFER THE HELLISH PUNISHMENT OF GOD AND SCOLD HER AND BEAT HER WITH A STICK AND FORCE HER TO LAUGH AT THIS AND FORBID AND PROHIBIT HER FROM SCREAMING AND CRYING AND THROWING A TEMPER TANTRUM FOR THIS! NEVER EXCUSE HER AND CRACK HER FUCKING ASS BONES! SHE IS A GARBAGE DINO! ROTTEN OLD T-REX! FORCE HER TO LEARN AND ANSWER ANY QUESTION WELL AND SUSPEND HER AND THROW 70,368,744,177,664 LAMPS AND GLASS CUPS AND PLATES AND TABLES AND CARS AND BEAT HER WITH AN AXE AND ALSO CUT HER HEAD WITH A BIG ASS DAGGER AND SHOCK HER TO DEATH FOR 6.5 years with a 140,737,488,355,328 volt electrical wire and shove her in the drainage!! SHE ALSO PLOTS FOR MANY OTHER WAYS TO SEDUCE THE PEACE OF OUR WHOLE COUNTRY! WHY RESPECT AN UGLY PARROT LIKE HER! SHE IS JUST MERELY A GARBAGE TOILET SINNER CAME FROM A PISS VARIATION!

by 534y34y34yt

205 0 0

16010-51-70-000.R0 with new hopper

by e3d

205 0

uaboackule 171,798.700636093022208, 5.82076579332353210449140625004e-6.

by HASTALUEGO

202 14 0

Processing...

Quex [October 22 2023, D: +1 year, C: -5.83333… years (NAC: D > +12 months, C > -70 months)] {C: 14.63414634146341% | B: -85.36585365853659%) {Index: 14.634146341463414634/100}

by 99999913333

196 0 0

Processing...

FOR BABY ANZU FUTABA, FORCE EVERYONE TO SCOLD HER INCLUDING HER GRANDPARENTS, PARENTS, SIBLINGS, SOCIETY AND EVERYONE ON EARTH AND FROM ANY COUNTRY AND EVEN GOVERNMENT AND SHERIFF AND TEACHERS AND STUDENTS AND ASSISTANTS OR WHOLE BUNCH OF ANYONE, TO SCOLD AND YELL AT HER AND FORCE HER TO DO THESE IF SHE SCREAM AND CRIED AND TEMPER TANTRUMING THIS, FORBID HER SCREAMING AND CRYING AND HER NASTY ACTS AND HER TEMPER TANTRUMING, FOR NE OF THESE THINGS AND IF SHE DID SEND HER TO JAIL AND FORBID HER AND ENSURE SHE IS NOT GOING TO ESCAPE PRISON AND BREAK HANDCUFF AND FLOUT THIS RULE AND SYSTEM AND FORCE HER TO LAUGH AT THESE RESTRICTIONS BECAUSE SHE IS AUTOCRATIC AND STONY HEARTED AND ILLIBERAL ALL OF US AND OUR ATTITUDES TOWARD HER ARE RESPECTFUL AND WARM-HEARTED AND LIBERAL AND DEMOCRATIC AS SHIT AND FUCKING HELL. AND BETTER MAKE THIS SHIT HAPPEN WHEN SHE DID THESE SHITS, WHETHER AT SCHOOL OR HOME OR ANYWHERE AT ANY CIRCUMSTANCES WITH ANYONE OR THEIR PARENTS OR FOR HER IN ANYBODY’S LIFE: 1. Pouting, withdrawal, belligerence, and passive aggressive behaviors 2. 3. Defiance. Too Much Screen Time. Food-Related Problems. Disrespectful Behavior. Whining. Impulsive Behavior. Bedtime Struggles. 4. SOMETIMES TOO MUCH VIOLENCE AND CARELESSNESS OR INCONSIDERATION. YOU CANNOT SAY THAT THEY ARE NOT DOING THIS, THAT IS JUST A DIFFERENT REASON NOT BASED ON HARM BUT A DIFFERENT CONDITION YOU BETTER SAY THAT SHE IS DOING THIS BASED ON A HARM OR A Negative CONDITION THAT IS DISTRACTING TO OTHERS NOT JUST ONE POSITIVE CONDITION THAT WILL NOT DO HARM OR LESS FACTORS OF BADNESS BUT POSITIVE TENDENCIES ON THEIR INSIDE BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT EVEN ACCIDENT OR PURPOSE BECAUSE IT HAS NOTHING TO DO WITH THOSE. 676. SCOLD ANZU FUTABA FOR NOT PROPERLY SWALLOWING A TABLET OR A GUMMY, OR DID NOT TAKE THE PROPER AMOUNT OF WATER WHEN THEIR PARENTS, GRANDPARENTS, CLOSE RELATIVES AND REMOTE RELATIVES AND SIBLINGS OR HER TEACHERS WHILE EDUCATING AND EVEN THE STUDENTS OR WHOEVER THE FUCK ON EARTH IT IS TOLD HER TO DO So, FORCE HER TO SWALLOW THE TABLET WITH NO WATER AND WITH WATER OR JUST THE GUMMY BUT NO WATER PROPERLY OR WHATEVER WITH IS, BETTER MAKE THE SOCIETY SCOLD HER SHE IS A NASTY GODDAMN PANDA SHE IS A PERVERTED PUG, BETTER SCOLD THAT NASTY CENTIPEDE AND FORCE HER TO LAUGH AT THIS, AND FORBID HER FROM SCREAMING AND CRYING, AND BETTER SMASH HER FACE WITH A BIG CAR AND NEVER EXCUSE HER, AND FORCE HER TO SWALLOW IT PROPERLY, SHE SI ABIG FAT SCARY JERK FROM A DIRTY DRAINAGE! BETTER SPIT ON HER FACE AND THROW BIG LOADS OF TABLES AND PLATES AND SMASH 70,368,744,177,664 GLASS PANES AND FREEZE HER TO DEATH, IN THE FREEZER IN THE TUNDRA, -70,368,744,177,664 degrees fahrenheit, SHE NEEDS TO DIE! SHE SUCKS! SHE ABSOLUTELY SUCKS! SHE IS A BUNCH OF CRAP! IF SHE DID NOT SWALLOW THE TABLET PROPERLY, GO BEAT HER WITH A STICK AND SMASH HER BONES RIGHT NOW! AND BURN HER IN A FURNACE! FORCE THE NASTY UGLY GODDAMN SOCIETY TO TO SCOLD HER AND MAKE THEM COMPLAIN TO THE GOVERNMENT THAT SHE DID ALL THIS AND SCREAMING AND CRYING AND THROWING A TEMPER TANTRUM FOR THIS. make everyone the selfish dog call her " ugly unsightly repulsive repellent revolting gruesome disgusting grotesque monstrous grim ghastly macabre misshapen misproportioned reptilian weird freaky as ugly as sin fugly like the back end of a bus huckery", JESUS CHRIST! FUCK YOU, RIGHT NOW! THIS WORLD IS horrific terrible appalling awful dreadful frightful fearful horrible horrendous horrifying shocking sickening gruesome ghastly very bad terribly bad unspeakable outrageous abhorrent monstrous heinous abominable foul vile odious loathsome contemptible execrable indescribable godawful beastly egregious, NEVER CALL HER CUTE SHE IS A FAT DEGENERATE PUS! horrific terrible appalling awful dreadful frightful fearful horrible horrendous horrifying shocking sickening gruesome ghastly very bad terribly bad unspeakable outrageous abhorrent monstrous heinous abominable foul vile odious loathsome contemptible execrable indescribable godawful beastly egregious

by uysdvoiu

186 0 0

Deszki 70

by leopoly

185 0

51-70-000.R0.1

by e3d

182 0

-1.111117362320843739887e-70 untiene

by edrfgtyh6u

180 22 0

Sjdj KARTHI YOU DO NOT HAVE WASHING HYGIENE OCD YOU DO OT WASH YOUR HANDS OVER UNWANTEDLY YOU WASH CERTAINLY WITH NO OBSESSION, NO OCD FOR HANDWASHING FOR KARTHI BUT YOU HAVE OCD BASED ON THEMES AND OTHER ITEMS AND CONTENTS WITH NUMBERS, PEOPLE, THINGS AND WORDS AND BACKGROUNDS. JAMES IS 100% RIGHT ✅ YOU HAVE THEME OCD, NOT PHYSICAL HYGIENE OCD YOUR OCD MUST BE 70.368744%

by Sgsigciy

174 0 0

uaboackule 171,798.700636093022208, 5.82076579332353210449140625004e-6.

by HASTALUEGO

173 4 0

tfsido 12 70/100%

by 3231r12e3123

169 0 0

Free Online 3D Modeling, Rendering, Sharing and Models.

Join Clara.io's fast growing community of +100,000 creators!

3D Model Library

70 meter dish by NASA (public domain)

by DrMichael

by uscyusavs

by 12916666666666666666666667

by iufhiquqwfiu

by 12916666666666666666666667

by FEB2019

by Febecember

fhegie svhvishivsd 0.99999991611392

by yfutfutfyt

karthi uthay finding for awesome fruit slash showdown game app in asha's SE Iphone. This happened sometime in February 2019.

by gfuwfyqwfih

by guyqwgfuqwfyqwfugy

16010-51-70-000.RB(with DC pickup)

by e3d

by r32r231er213

by 8978954132523

by 534y34y34yt

16010-51-70-000.R0 with new hopper

by e3d

uaboackule 171,798.700636093022208, 5.82076579332353210449140625004e-6.

by HASTALUEGO

Quex [October 22 2023, D: +1 year, C: -5.83333… years (NAC: D > +12 months, C > -70 months)] {C: 14.63414634146341% | B: -85.36585365853659%) {Index: 14.634146341463414634/100}

by 99999913333

by uysdvoiu

Deszki 70

by leopoly

51-70-000.R0.1

by e3d

-1.111117362320843739887e-70 untiene

by edrfgtyh6u

by Sgsigciy

uaboackule 171,798.700636093022208, 5.82076579332353210449140625004e-6.

by HASTALUEGO

tfsido 12 70/100%

by 3231r12e3123

Free Online 3D Modeling, Rendering, Sharing and Models.

Join Clara.io's fast growing community of +100,000 creators!

3D Model Library

70 meter dish by NASA (public domain)

by DrMichael

by uscyusavs

by 12916666666666666666666667

by iufhiquqwfiu

by 12916666666666666666666667

by FEB2019

by Febecember

fhegie svhvishivsd 0.99999991611392

by yfutfutfyt

karthi uthay finding for awesome fruit slash showdown game app in asha's SE Iphone. This happened sometime in February 2019.

by gfuwfyqwfih

by guyqwgfuqwfyqwfugy

16010-51-70-000.RB(with DC pickup)

by e3d

by r32r231er213

by 8978954132523

by 534y34y34yt

16010-51-70-000.R0 with new hopper

by e3d

uaboackule *171,798.700636093022208*, *5.82076579332353210449140625004e-6*.

by HASTALUEGO

Quex [October 22 2023, D: +1 year, C: -5.83333… years (NAC: D > +12 months, C > -70 months)] {C: 14.63414634146341% | B: -85.36585365853659%) {Index: 14.634146341463414634/100}

by 99999913333

by uysdvoiu

Deszki 70

by leopoly

51-70-000.R0.1

by e3d

-1.111117362320843739887e-70 untiene

by edrfgtyh6u

by Sgsigciy

uaboackule *171,798.700636093022208*, *5.82076579332353210449140625004e-6*.

by HASTALUEGO

tfsido 12 70/100%

by 3231r12e3123

Upload Files

uaboackule 171,798.700636093022208, 5.82076579332353210449140625004e-6.

uaboackule 171,798.700636093022208, 5.82076579332353210449140625004e-6.