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tnubh 12,456 Ø Ø Ø FAQ | Register Now | Sign In HOME PHYSICAL SCIENCES PHYSICS SPACE CHEMISTRY APPLIED PHYSICS AEROSPACE OPTICS EARTH SCIENCES ENVIRONMENT ENERGY ATMOSPHERIC PALEONTOLOGY GEOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY LIFE SCIENCES GENETICS & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EVOLUTION MICROBIOLOGY ECOLOGY & ZOOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY NEUROSCIENCE MEDICINE CANCER RESEARCH PUBLIC HEALTH PHARMACOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH AGING VISION SOCIAL SCIENCES ANTHROPOLOGY ARCHAEOLOGY PSYCHOLOGY SCIENCE EDUCATION & POLICY SCIENCE HISTORY PHILOSOPHY & ETHICS CULTURE TECHNOLOGY MATHEMATICS SCIENCE & SOCIETY SPORTS SCIENCE RANDOM THOUGHTS HUMOR VIDEO CONTRIBUTORS HOME > MICROBIOLOGY > SCIENCE 2.0 Fake Banner Want To Consume Cow Feces? Have Some Raw Milk By Hank Campbell | February 18th 2015 01:22 PM | Print | E-mail User pic. Hank Campbell Would you like some Campylobacter or E. Coli today? Raw milk in 26 U.S. states is now the best place to get it, since most readers of Science 2.0 are not going to have the opportunity to buy chicken from a street vendor in China. That raw milk is risky and has no benefit is not news. In 2012 the CDC showed it again but clamoring for raw milk got even louder. It is in the news again, as part of the naturalistic fallacy that infects mostly the anti-science hippie left and a minority of people on the libertarian 'government can't regulate what diseases I should give my children' right. Like with vaccines and polio, or riding a bicycle on the freeway, just because you might have the right to do something stupid does not mean you should, and raw milk isn't better for you, it is worse. It is that simple. But it is getting more popular. So it is not so much the 979 illnesses (that we know about) that concerns me, it is that the trend is going up rather than down. The fact is that if you drink raw milk your risk of getting sick is 150X pasteurized milk and there is zero nutritional benefit to it - it is just simply getting more popular because of diet fads linked to more 'natural' ways of living, and that is why the raw milk outbreaks were 4X higher since 2007 than they were 20 years ago. And look at the ages impacted most: Percentage of patients affected by outbreaks associated with nonpasteurized milk, by age and etiologic agent, United States, 2007–2012. Small kids and people ages 20-49? What is going on there? In kids it makes sense, they have dumb parents, but among older people it is another flavor of the Hipster Doofus demographic, the sub-literates who quote Proust and their reasons for vaccine denial whenever the opportunity presents itself: Link Except raw milk proponents are not just in San Francisco or Portland. That 81 percent of outbreaks happened in states where raw milk is legal makes sense. What makes no sense is the response of raw milk believers to the latest foodborne disease warning - sell more of it and make it legal in more places. Obviously that makes sense to people selling 18th century food myths, and that same logic is why we should have sold more DDT in the 1970s, more ozone-killing CFCs in the 1980s and why everyone agreed that producing more CO2 emissions in the 1990s would be the best way to prevent global warming. And you should always eat raw chicken, since processing food is bad. Except it isn't bad, anyone who has milked a cow (where it becomes really obvious) or seen a commercial dairy operation knows exactly how raw milk spreads disease: Cows do not care what else they are doing while they are being milked, they don't take potty breaks. And cows get diseases, just like people do. The cow could have bovine tuberculosis or mastitis. I can't imagine why raw milk is all over my news feeds again this week but American Council on Science and Health takes the prize for most across-the-board awareness today, taking down raw milk, homeopaths, anti-vaccine beliefs, anti-GMO hysteria and Fox News in only 3 blurbs: The takeaway: Homeopathic vaccines won't prevent Campylobacter bacteria so it is better to side with science. Citation: Elisabeth A. Mungai, Casey Barton Behravesh, L. Hannah Gould, 'Increased Outbreaks Associated with Nonpasteurized Milk, United States, 2007–2012', Emerg Infect Dis Volume 21, Number 1—January 2015 DOI: 10.3201/eid2101.140447 Science 2.0 MORE ARTICLES Model That Claimed Only Lockdown Works To Prevent Coronavirus Spread Was Flawed, Shows New Look College Enrollment Will Go Down This Decade, And That's Probably A Good Thing Medical Misuse Needs A Real Definition All Articles ABOUT I founded Science 2.0® in 2006 and since then it has become the world's largest independent science communications site, with over 300,000,000 direct... View Profile RELATED ARTICLES Raw Milk Not Worth The Risk- Study Home Cheese Makers Take Note: Consider Kefir For Making Feta Does Raw Milk Reduce Lactose Intolerance? 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aqbuc NCBINCBI Logo Skip to main content Skip to navigation Resources How To About NCBI Accesskeys PMC US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Search database PMC Search term Search Advanced Journal listHelp COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov Get the latest research information from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus Find NCBI SARS-CoV-2 literature, sequence, and clinical content: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sars-cov-2/ Journal ListHHS Author ManuscriptsPMC4979577 Logo of nihpa J Subst Use. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 Jan 1. Published in final edited form as: J Subst Use. 2016; 21(4): 395–399. Published online 2015 Sep 18. doi: 10.3109/14659891.2015.1040089 PMCID: PMC4979577 NIHMSID: NIHMS760791 PMID: 27524938 Mood Symptoms in Steroid Users: The Unexamined Role of Concurrent Stimulant Use Pilar M. Sanjuan, Ph.D. Pilar M. Sanjuan, Fellow: The University of New Mexico, Center on Alcoholism, Substance Abuse, and Addictions, 2650 Yale Boulevard, SE, MSC11-6280, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA; James L. Langenbucher, Ph.D., Associate Professor James L. Langenbucher, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Center of Alcohol Studies, 607 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Tom Hildebrandt, PsyD, Associate Professor Tom Hildebrandt, Mt Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY 10029, USA; Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer The publisher's final edited version of this article is available at J Subst Use See other articles in PMC that cite the published article. Go to: INTRODUCTION Appearance and performance enhancing drugs (APEDs) include a range of illicit, prescription, and over-the-counter preparations used to increase lean body-mass in order to attain idealized physiques and improve athletic performance (Thomas Hildebrandt, Langenbucher, Carr, & Sanjuan, 2007). Most APED users are polydrug users engaging in “stacking,” taking several drugs from different categories concurrently and sequentially over 8-10 week time blocks (Dodge & Hoagland, 2011). This study focuses on two APED categories: Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids (referred to simply as “steroids” in this article) and Thermogenic and Ergogenic Drugs (stimulants). Substances in the steroids group include numerous synthetic testosterone derivatives varying in half-lives and metabolite ratios. Stimulants used in this capacity include fat-burning and energy-boosting drugs (Coffey, Steiner, Baker, & Allison, 2004; Maglione et al., 2005; Shekelle PG, Hardy ML, Morton SC, & et al, 2003; Sjöqvist, Garle, & Rane, 2008). Common stimulants include liothyronine (thyroid hormone), clenbuterol (illicit in the U.S.), synephrine, ephedra, ephedrine, theophylline, and caffeine (Thomas Hildebrandt, Harty, & Langenbucher, 2012; Thomas Hildebrandt et al., 2007). When used as medically indicated, these stimulants have less dramatic mood effects than stimulants better associated with misuse (e.g. methamphetamine.) Prevalence Prevalence rates of steroid use range from 1.5% of 12th graders (Johnston, O’Malley, Bachman, & Schulenberg, 2012), 6.4% of adult males, 13.4% of athletes, to 18.4% among recreational sports people (Sagoe, Molde, Andreassen, Torsheim, & Pallesen, 2014). The prevalence of APED stimulant use is more complicated as these include common substances (e.g. caffeine) as well as prescription-only medications. Rates of stimulant use are higher among athletes using of other types of APEDs (Buckman, Farris, & Yusko, 2013) ranging from 28% to 56% compared to non-APED users. Other research has found rates ranging from 25% for ephedrine (Kanayama, Gruber, Pope, Jr., Borowiecki, & Hudson, 2001) to 58% for ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, or amphetamine (Bents, Tokish, & Goldberg, 2004) among athletes and 7% for non-prescription weight loss products in the general population (Blanck H, Khan L, & Serdula MK, 2001). Mood Effects There is widespread popular belief that the use of steroids routinely results in powerful episodes of anger and violence termed “roid rage” (Chantal, Soubranne, & Brunel, 2009). However, researchers in this field agree that such negative mood effects are more likely to be rare and difficult to predict (Thomas Hildebrandt et al., 2007; Kanayama, Hudson, & Pope, 2009; Pope HG, Jr, Kouri EM, & Hudson JI, 2000; Rubinow & Schmidt, 1996; Yates, Perry, MacIndoe, Holman, & Ellingrod, 1999). Prior research has found adverse psychological effects of steroids including anger, aggressiveness, depression, and mania (Daly et al., 2003; Pagonis, Angelopoulos, Koukoulis, & Hadjichristodoulou, 2006; Su T et al., 1993; Yates, Perry, & Murray, 1992). Positive effects may include enhanced self-esteem, vigor, libido, perceived power, and concentration (Tom Hildebrandt, Langenbucher, Carr, Sanjuan, & Park, 2006). However, many studies have failed to find any psychoactive effects associated with steroid use (Bagatell, Heiman, Matsumoto, Rivier, & Bremner, 1994; Bahrke, Wright, Strauss, & Catlin, 1992; Malone, Dimeff, Lombardo, & Sample, 1995; Midgley, Heather, & Davies, 2001; O’Connor, Archer, & Wu, 2004; Tricker et al., 1996; Yates et al., 1999), supporting the idea that steroid mood effects are idiosyncratic. An understanding of the variables associated with APED-related mood disturbance is critical for identifying high risk individuals and for developing treatments. Most research on APED-induced mood effects focuses solely on steroids and does not examine concurrently used drugs (e.g. stimulants). This study was designed to assess the effects of stimulant use on mood effects as a potential variable underlying the idiosyncratic nature of steroid-associated negative mood effects. We also tried to minimize retrospective memory errors by only assessing current mood. In accordance with research finding mood effects associated with steroid use, we hypothesized that current steroid and stimulant use each would be associated with (1) increased vigor, mania, anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue, and confusion and (2) decreased positive affect. Go to: METHODS Links from internet websites that primarily focused on bodybuilding, weightlifting, or using steroids, and also from search engines, led to our internet-accessible survey, which was located on the Rutgers University website. These links were identified as leading to a “Rutgers survey on training practices and mood.” All participants initially followed this link to a Rutgers Institutional Review Board-approved consent form and clicked on second link at the bottom of this page to indicate consent. The entire protocol of the study was approved by the Rutgers Institutional Review Board. Participants Participants were 122 male weightlifters and bodybuilders, mean age of 32 (19-57, SD = 8.68), who anonymously followed the consent link. Females were targeted as well as males, but only males reached a sample size that could be analyzed. Participants did not need to have used APEDs to enroll, but, because the survey was linked to some websites with steroid-related content, many had used them. Participants did not receive any financial compensation for completing the survey. Eight participants who completed the survey were excluding for missing data. There were no other exclusion criteria. Measures The questionnaire began with demographic questions and then presented the following mood scales, each adapted to query the past 24-hours. Participants rated current moods prior to reporting current drug use. Questions about weight-training were interwoven between mood questionnaires. Anger The Revised State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI-2:Spielberger, 1998) State-Anger scale assesses the intensity of anger at a particular time, and has been used extensively in research on health and anger. It has 3 subscales: Feelings, Verbal, and Physical. Mania The Self-Report Manic Inventory (SRMI; Shugar, Schertzer, Toner, & di Gasbarro, 1992) has been found more sensitive than other measures to euthymic and hypomanic fluctuations (Cooke, Krüger, & Shugar, 1996). Mood The Profile of Mood States – Brief (POMS-B; McNair & Heuchert, 2005), the only authorized short version of the POMS, has six factors: tension/anxiety, depression/dejection, anger/hostility, vigor/activity, fatigue/inertia, and confusion/bewilderment. Positive Mood The Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire – Positive (ATQ-P; Ingram & Wisnicki, 1988), measures the occurrence of positive self-relevant cognitions. The Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (M-CSDS; Crowne & Marlowe, 1960) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) were included as covariates, to control for the desire to look good and trait affect. Mood scales were followed by sections developed specifically for this study assessing current steroid and stimulant use, dietary and sleep habits, use of other medications, and prior physical or psychiatric diagnoses. The entry question to the steroids section was, “Have you ever used anabolic steroids?” For participants who answered “yes,” this was followed by further questions about specific drugs used and patterns of use. The entry question to the stimulants section was “Have you ever used fat burners or endurance boosters such as Xenadrine or T3?” For participants answering “yes,” this was again followed by further questions about drugs and patterns of use. Data Analysis The main goal was to identify mood effects associated with steroids and stimulants. Because steroids have a long half-life and most stimulants have a comparatively short half-life, participants were considered currently on steroids if they had used them in the past 14 days and as currently on stimulants if they had used them in the past 24 hours. Analyses consisted of 2 × 2 analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) for drug use status (current steroid by current stimulant) for each mood scale. We controlled for social desirability, trait affect, age, marital status, employment, income, exercise recency, and prior night’s sleep. In addition, effect sizes were examined (Cohen’s d) for steroid and stimulant use on mood as compared to normative population scores for the POMS-B (Yeun & Shin-Park, 2006), ATQ (Ingram, Kendall, Siegle, Guarino, & McLaughlin, 1995), and STAXI (Spielberger, 1998). Go to: RESULTS Demographics Of 236 individuals who clicked the survey link, 225 consented, 135 completed the survey, 130 were male, and 122 had complete data for these analyses. Eight-four percent of participants resided in the United States, 45% were married, 75% were employed full-time, 40% had a college degree, and another 16% held graduate degrees. The majority of the participants were Caucasian (93%). Sixty-two percent of participants identified their training goal as a bodybuilding, while 36% identified it as weight-lifting. Participants averaged 97 (SD = 14.3, Range = 63-141) kilograms with a body mass index of 30 (SD = 3.8, Range 22-44) and fat-free mass index (FFMI – determined by height, weight, and self-reported body fat percentage (Kouri et al., 1995b) of 25 (SD = 3.2, Range 18-36). They were experienced APED users: 87% (N=106) reporting lifetime use of steroids for an average 3.6 years (SD = 4.28) and 80% (N=97) reporting lifetime use of stimulants for an average 3.5 years (SD = 4.1). Thirty-one percent (N=38) of the sample was not currently taking steroids or stimulants, 30% (N=37) were currently taking only steroids, 18% (N=22) were currently taking only stimulants, and 21% (N=25) were currently taking both steroids and stimulants. Internal Consistency Internal consistency for the measures in our sample was good and ranged from 0.77 to 0.94 as follows, for the STAXI-2: α=0.94, SRMI: α=0.85, POMS: α=0.90, ATQ-P: α=0.94, M-CSDS: α=0.77 and PANAS: α=0.83.. ANCOVAs The overall F-tests for all ANCOVA models were significant (p<.001), with significant main effects (p<.025) for stimulant use on Tension/Anxiety and for steroid use on Vigor/Activity. Participants using stimulants scored higher on Tension/Anxiety than those not using stimulants and participants using steroids scored lower on Vigor/Activity than non-users. No interaction effects were found for stimulants by steroids, but these were included in the models in Table 1. Table1 Mood Scales by APED Use Mood Measure Stimulants Steroids Overall Model APED Users vs. Norm No Yes No Yes F d SRMI - Mania 9.6(6.4) 10.9(5.8) 11.0(6.6) 9.0(5.7) 3.98c N/A POMS-B Tension/Anxiety 2.9(3.0)a 3.4(3.8)a 3.0(3.1) 3.1(3.2) 11.27c .74c Depression/Dejection 2.1(3.0) 2.5(4.5) 2.0(3.1) 2.3(4.1) 15.62c .42b Anger/Hostility 3.3(3.6) 2.7(3.9) 3.0(3.2) 3.1(4.2) 6.94c .61c Vigor/Activity 9.0(4.2) 10.5(5.0) 10.5(4.2)a 8.6(4.7)a 9.34c .07 Fatigue/Inertia 4.8(3.5) 4.2(4.5) 4.4(4.0) 4.7(3.9) 3.42c .83c Confusion/ Bewilderment 3.2(2.2) 3.7(2.8) 3.3(2.5) 3.3(2.4) 6.05c .54c ATQ - Positive Affect 110(13.8) 113(17.8) 113(13.1) 109(17.2) 19.46c 1.81c STAXI-2 Anger Feelings 7.5(2.7) 7.2(2.8) 7.2(2.5) 7.6(3.0) 4.49c −.08 Anger Verbal 7.4(2.7) 7.1(3.4 7.6(3.7) 7.0(2.9) 2.90c −.20 Anger Physical 6.0(2.8) 5.5(1.9) 5.9(2.2) 5.8(2.8) 3.87c .08 Total Anger 21(7.8) 19.8(7.4) 20.7(7.4) 20.3(7.9) 4.26c −.08 Note. F = F-value, ap<.025, bp<.01, cp<.001, APED = Appearance and performance enhancing drug, SRMI = The Self-Report Manic Inventory, POMS-B = The Profile of Mood States- Brief, ATQ = The Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire, STAXI-2 = The Revised State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. In order to correct for multiple comparisons, alpha was set at p<.025 (N=122). Means and standard deviations listed above are raw. Social desirability, trait affect, age, marital status, employment, income, recency of exercise, and hours of last sleep correlated with dependent variables and were included as covariates in the analyses. Other potential covariates measured did not have sufficient variance in the sample to account for variance in the final models, and so were not included. Cohen’s d was calculated for the effect sizes in the final column, “APED Users vs. Norm,” where only participants taking stimulants, steroids, or both (N=85, which did not include participants not using either type of substance) were compared to normative samples in the literature (Ingram et al., 1995; Spielberger, 1998; Yeun and Shin-Park, 2006). A positive direction means that the norm was higher than our APED using subsample and negative direction means the APED subsample was higher. Effect Size Analyses Cohen’s d was calculated to examine effect sizes for differences between mood means for the APED-using subsample (steroid or stimulant use) and normal populations (Ingram et al., 1995; Spielberger, 1998; Yeun & Shin-Park, 2006). The APED-using subsample in this study had significantly lower scores (Table 1: last column) than norms for all POMS-B negative mood scales, higher than normal ATQ-P positive affect scores, and were not different than norms for vigor/activity or any STAXI anger scales. The magnitudes of the differences in effect size between the APED users and the general population were not different across POMS-B mood subscales, Q(5)=.021, p>.99, nor anger (STAXI) subscales, Q(2)=2.99, p=.23.The grand mean effect size for POMS-B mood was .54, indicating that the APED-using subsample was on average a half standard deviation below the normal population on measures of mood disturbance. For the anger (STAXI) scales the grand mean effect size was .07, thus not different than the general population. Go to: DISCUSSION Steroid users reported less vigor/activity than non-users, and stimulant users reported higher levels of tension/anxiety compared to non-users. Otherwise, for most mood measures there were no differences between steroid and/or stimulant users and non-users. These findings support the idea that mood effects of steroids are idiosyncratic and not commonplace. Results are consistent with previous research that has also failed to find steroid specific effects (Bagatell et al., 1994; Bahrke et al., 1992; Malone et al., 1995; Midgley et al., 2001; O’Connor et al., 2004; Pope HG et al., 2000; Tricker et al., 1996; Yates et al., 1999). The effect of stimulant use on tension/anxiety was consistent with the central nervous system arousal side-effect profiles of these substances (Maglione et al., 2005; Pearce & Himsworth, 1982; Shekelle PG et al., 2003). The higher tension/anxiety in stimulant users may account for some prior reports of mood disturbance in steroid users. Also supporting the idiosyncratic nature of negative APED mood effects, the APED-using subsample scored in normal or below normal ranges on the mood and anger subscales. Indeed, APED users scored lower on all negative mood scales and higher on positive thoughts than the normative samples, but no differently than the norm for anger. It is possible that characteristics of these athletes (e.g. consistent exercise and dietary regimens, goal-directed motivation) were protective against adverse moods. Limitations and Strengths The sample demographics may not be representative of the bodybuilding/weightlifting population, though consistent with previous research in this area. If some subsample of APED users were more likely to experience anger or aggression with APEDs, (e.g. inmates, violent criminals) they may have been missed by web-based recruitment. Additionally, dose was not assessed and the sample was not large enough to sort out mood effects associated with different types of steroids/stimulants. Finally, the entry question for the stimulants section only gave two examples (Xenadrine and T3) in addition to specifying “fat burners and endurance boosters”, and some people may have been using other substances that would fall under this category, but not have thought they applied here if they were not listed as examples. Additionally, we included many preparations in this section that contain high doses of caffeine, but there may have been other ways not on our list in which participants were using high dose caffeine. By utilizing internet technology to assess bodybuilders and weightlifters anonymously about current APED use and mood state this study builds upon prior self-report research that queried over longer retrospective recall periods (Choi & Pope, 1994; Cooper, Noakes, Dunne, Lambert, & Rochford, 1996; Lefavi, Reeve, & Newland, 1990; Parrott, Choi, & Davies, 1994; Pope & Katz, 1988, 1994) as well as other APED research (Choi, Parrott, & Cowan, 1990; Kouri, Lukas, Pope, & Oliva, 1995; Moss, Panzak, & Tarter, 1992; Perry et al., 2003). This prior research was by necessity limited by the error inherent in longer retrospective recall periods. Additionally, we were able to assess participants from across the United States and around the world, and thus our results do not reflect only local trends. And finally, we were able to recruit participants who might have been unwilling or unable to visit a laboratory setting for face-to-face assessment. Conclusions This study was designed to examine the role of stimulants used in addition to steroids among bodybuilders and weightlifters utilizing a current use and current mood focused cross-sectional internet-based survey of bodybuilders and weightlifters. No adverse mood effects were significantly associated with steroid use, while anxiety/tension was significantly associated with stimulant use. The findings from this study regarding stimulant use suggest these substances are not benign. Their use with steroids may account for some adverse moods, particularly increased anxiety and tension, often associated with steroids. Future natural observation research on steroid mood effects needs to assess and control for stimulant use among APED users. The roles of each of these classes of stimulants in mood changes should be differentiated. Physicians and mental health professionals might also take care to assess the use and psychoactive effects of stimulants in patients having potential APED-related problems. Idiosyncratic negative effects of APEDs on mood may be associated more with stimulant use than with steroid use, despite the congressional and general public focus on steroids in the United States. Go to: Acknowledgments Funded by grants NIDA K02-00390 (Langenbucher), NIAAA, T32 AA07569 (McCrady), and NIAAA T32 AA018108-02 (McCrady). Go to: References Bagatell CJ, Heiman JR, Matsumoto AM, Rivier JE, Bremner WJ. Metabolic and behavioral effects of high-dose, exogenous testosterone in healthy men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1994;79(2):561–567. doi:10.1210/jcem.79.2.8045977. [PubMed] [Google Scholar] Bahrke MS, Wright JE, Strauss RH, Catlin DH. Psychological moods and subjectively perceived behavioral and somatic changes accompanying anabolic-androgenic steroid use. 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[PubMed] [Google Scholar] Formats: Article | PubReader | ePub (beta) | PDF (315K) | Citation Share Share on Facebook FacebookShare on Twitter TwitterShare on Google Plus Google+ Save items View more options Similar articles in PubMed Conditional Effects of Appearance and Performance Enhancing Drugs (APEDs) Use on Mood in Powerlifters and Bodybuilders. [Alcohol Treat Q. 2015] Stimulant use, religiosity, and the odds of developing or maintaining an alcohol use disorder over time. [J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2013] The effect of recent stimulant use on sustained attention in HIV-infected adults. [J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2006] Association of Stimulant Use With Dopaminergic Alterations in Users of Cocaine, Amphetamine, or Methamphetamine: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. [JAMA Psychiatry. 2017] Stimulant psychosis: systematic review. [Br J Psychiatry. 2004] See reviews... See all... Cited by other articles in PMC Defining the Construct of Synthetic Androgen Intoxication: An Application of General Brain Arousal [Frontiers in Psychology. 2018] Comparison of the Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Performance-Enhancing Drug Users and Nonuser Bodybuilders [Iranian Journal of Psychiatry....] See all... Links PubMed Taxonomy Recent Activity ClearTurn Off Mood Symptoms in Steroid Users: The Unexamined Role of Concurrent Stimulant Use Mood Symptoms in Steroid Users: The Unexamined Role of Concurrent Stimulant Use NIHPA Author Manuscripts. 2016; 21(4)395 See more... Review The global epidemiology of anabolic-androgenic steroid use: a meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. [Ann Epidemiol. 2014] A national study of substance use behaviors among NCAA male athletes who use banned performance enhancing substances. [Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013] Over-the-counter drug use in gymnasiums: an underrecognized substance abuse problem? [Psychother Psychosom. 2001] Ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and amphetamine prevalence in college hockey players: most report performance-enhancing use. [Phys Sportsmed. 2004] Use of nonprescription weight loss products: results from a multistate survey. [JAMA. 2001] Exploring the social image of anabolic steroids users through motivation, sportspersonship orientations and aggression. [Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2009] Modeling population heterogeneity in appearance- and performance-enhancing drug (APED) use: applications of mixture modeling in 400 regular APED users. [J Abnorm Psychol. 2007] Review Illicit anabolic-androgenic steroid use. [Horm Behav. 2010] Effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on mood and aggression in normal men: a randomized controlled trial. [Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2000] Review Androgens, brain, and behavior. [Am J Psychiatry. 1996] Psychosexual effects of three doses of testosterone cycling in normal men. [Biol Psychiatry. 1999] Neuroendocrine and behavioral effects of high-dose anabolic steroid administration in male normal volunteers. [Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2003] Psychiatric side effects induced by supraphysiological doses of combinations of anabolic steroids correlate to the severity of abuse. [Eur Psychiatry. 2006] See more ... Development, use, and factor analysis of a self-report inventory for mania. [Compr Psychiatry. 1992] See more ... Assessment of positive automatic cognition. [J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988] A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology. [J Consult Psychol. 1960] See more ... Verification of the profile of mood states-brief: cross-cultural analysis. [J Clin Psychol. 2006] Fat-free mass index in users and nonusers of anabolic-androgenic steroids. [Clin J Sport Med. 1995] Verification of the profile of mood states-brief: cross-cultural analysis. [J Clin Psychol. 2006] Metabolic and behavioral effects of high-dose, exogenous testosterone in healthy men. [J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994] Psychological moods and subjectively perceived behavioral and somatic changes accompanying anabolic-androgenic steroid use. [Am J Sports Med. 1992] Psychiatric effects and psychoactive substance use in anabolic-androgenic steroid users. [Clin J Sport Med. 1995] Levels of aggression among a group of anabolic-androgenic steroid users. [Med Sci Law. 2001] See more ... Violence toward women and illicit androgenic-anabolic steroid use. [Ann Clin Psychiatry. 1994] A high prevalence of abnormal personality traits in chronic users of anabolic-androgenic steroids. [Br J Sports Med. 1996] Anabolic steroid use by amateur athletes: effects upon psychological mood states. [J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1994] Review Affective and psychotic symptoms associated with anabolic steroid use. [Am J Psychiatry. 1988] See more ... Verification of the profile of mood states-brief: cross-cultural analysis. [J Clin Psychol. 2006] Support CenterSupport Center External link. Please review our privacy policy. NLMNIHDHHSUSA.gov National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda MD, 20894 USA Policies and Guidelines | Contact

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ifku Skip to content What's in a Brain Music makes me lose control MARCH 13, 2015Posted in GENERALTagged MUSIC, PERCEPTION, TIME Music makes me lose control Nautilus, you’ve done it again: an elegant post on two of my favorite topics: music and time. Time and music are inseparable – music takes place over time, and both can be very precise and mathematical. But music also reminds us how subjective time is, which is the theme of Jonathan Berger’s post. The post weaves together connections between music and temporal perception. Here are a few highlights: The tempo of music alters our behaviors – slower music encourages us to slow down and buy more drinks at a bar or spend more time in a grocery store, and familiar background music gives shoppers the impression that they spent longer in a store (though they actually spend more when novel music is played). Our musical attention span is about 4 minutes, thanks to Thomas Edison’s cylinder recordings, which maxed out at 4 minutes. Even when technology progressed to allow for longer songs, the 4-minute standard remained. When we’re deeply engrossed in something perceptual (like listening to music), the prefrontal cortex, which is crucial for introspecting and high-level cognition, becomes less active than usual, while the sensory cortex becomes more active than usual. These activation patterns likely explain the feeling of flow and timelessness that can occur while listening to music. time In the second half of the post, Berger uses Schubert’s String Quintet to illustrate how “music hijacks our perception of time.” He describes the time warp going on in one section at a time, supporting each with a clip of the audio during the part of the piece he’s describing. This was a fun “audio tour.” I found that I had to close my eyes to be able to experience the time shifts, though. This could be for a number of reasons, but one interesting possibility is that when a sound clip is embedded in a web page, the bottom right corner of the clip counts down the seconds remaining. Maybe some people can ignore the steadily decreasing numbers, but I am just so drawn to anything marking time. Why might this matter? I’d guess that a large proportion of the music-listening that people do today happens through a computer-like device (iPod, phone, computer) that exposes the listener to a ticking clock. Do we experience less of this music-induced timelessness today than in the past as a result? Or maybe songs like Time of Our Lives could be to blame? Thanks to this song for title inspiration: Share this: EmailPrintTwitterFacebookPinterest Related These are two possibilities of individuals' spatial representations of time. Image: sciencedirect.com Reflections on time In "Book Review" Image: www.time.com The Time Illusion In "Book Review" Screen shot 2014-01-25 at 1.55.55 PM Notables from Nautilus chapter: Perception In "Book Review" One thought on “Music makes me lose control” Pingback: Here’s one effective way to communicate science | Whats in a brain? Leave a Reply Enter your comment here... Post navigation BUTTS ON FIRECHECK YOUR TWEETS Search for: Search … FOLLOW BLOG VIA EMAIL Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. Email Address: Enter your email address FOLLOW RECENT BLOG POSTS Finding hope for the climate: Lessons from a community climate party When talking about cancer, metaphors matter Add climate change to the agenda during this Women’s Wave Climate change is a people problem The emergence of a new way to talk about time (in research and in real life) TOPICS Topics Select Category CATEGORIES Book Review climate Communication Education Favorites For fun General Language Methodology Neuroscience PhD TOP POSTS & PAGES Number lines in the head? Depression & its metaphors Context is everything Butts on fire Metaphor shapes thought: When, why, and how? RECENT COMMENTS PG Podcast – E… on When talking about cancer, met… Highlights of Nation… on Communicating Science Effectiv… Rose Hendricks on The emergence of a new way to… Jennifer Watkins on The emergence of a new way to… Rose Hendricks on Postcards to Voters: What the… ARCHIVES Archives Select Month Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. Privacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use. To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: Cookie Policy

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ifku dairy AllMapsImagesNewsShoppingMore Settings Tools SafeSearch Size Color Type Time Usage Rights milkfoodice creamclipartcheesehealthylistwallpaperproductyogurtindustrybuttertransparentorganiccalciumvegansaraslogogroupbannernamedesignpuredrawingposterbadnewmeatbreakfastfrozen The dish on dairy - Harvard Health health.harvard.edu Keto and Low-Carb Dairy: The Best and ... dietdoctor.com Are Eggs Considered a Dairy Product? healthline.com 6 Things That Happen on a No-Dairy Diet ... prevention.com Balancing health and environment: how ... yogurtinnutrition.com Dairy: Health food or health risk ... health.harvard.edu real pain if you're lactose intolerant ... news.sanfordhealth.org full-fat dairy? - Harvard Health ... health.harvard.edu Is Dairy Good Or Bad For You? We've Got ... loseitblog.com Dairy crisis: “Milk-spraying” protests ... foodingredientsfirst.com Dairy Products nutrition.basf.com Dairy healthyeating.org Exports of dairy products to reach 1m ... tehrantimes.com Donaldson Compressed Air ... donaldson.com Rethinking Milk: Science Takes On the ... webmd.com Quality control of milk and dairy ... newfoodmagazine.com Is Dairy Bad for You, or Good? The ... healthline.com Dairy product - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org The difference between 'lactose-free ... m.timesofindia.com Is dairy bad or good for you? New study ... today.com Province of Manitoba | agriculture - Dairy gov.mb.ca The is the max amount of dairy you ... mashed.com Dairy food.dupont.com Dairy for Fertility: Friend or Foe ... aliveholistichealth.ca Related searches food dairy chart dairy products dairy book dairy products on a low FODMAP diet ... monashfodmap.com Health Benefits of a Dairy-Free Diet ... shape.com Dairy: Do You Really Need It ... nm.org Milk - Food Allergy Canada foodallergycanada.ca The Science Behind Cooking with Dairy ... dairymax.org Keep Milk & Dairy Products Safe ... gfs.com Spotlight on... dairy-free - BBC Good Food bbcgoodfood.com The Dairy Industry Is DEAD | LIVEKINDLY ... youtube.com What's the Healthiest Non-Dairy Milk ... foodnetwork.com Slideshow: Dairy Queen's deluge of ... foodbusinessnews.net 18 Surprising Foods That May Contain Milk verywellfit.com US dairy industry urges EU not to dump ... foodingredientsfirst.com Inspection Technology for Dairy ... sesotec.com Dairy-Free Recipes | Allrecipes allrecipes.com Celebrate Dairy for Health Benefits ... foodinsight.org How to Make Dairy-Free Milk ... minimalistbaker.com Is Dairy Bad for You? Separating Myth ... self.com The Dairy Farm of Your Imagination Is ... bloomberg.com Dairy farming - Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org dairy dispute between ... theglobeandmail.com Bloating After Eating Dairy ... self.com love animal-free dairy ... cen.acs.org Cleaning and Sanitation Solutions for ... diversey.com Dairy Protein and Your Health ... onegreenplanet.org Wait while more content is being loaded Diet Doctor Keto and Low-Carb Dairy: The Best and the Worst – Diet Doctor Images may be subject to copyright. Learn More Related images See more Top Questions About Milk & Dairy Foods - Drink-Milk.com drink-milk.com Keto and Low-Carb Dairy: The Best and the Worst – Diet Doctor dietdoctor.com Dairy food.dupont.com Food Commodities: Dairy - Teleskola teleskola.mt Dairy-rich diet may help lower diabetes and high BP risks: Study | Lifestyle News,The Indian Express indianexpress.com How Often Do You Consume Dairy? – Happy Healthy You happyhealthyyou.com.au Celebrate Dairy for Health Benefits – Food Insight foodinsight.org Is dairy good or bad for you? livehealthily.com Got Milk? These 6 Microbial Fermented Alt Dairy Startups Are Changing The Industry greenqueen.com.hk Is Dairy Good Or Bad For You? We've Got The Facts - The Secret Ingredient loseitblog.com Dairy export a privilege for Iran to boost regional trade - Tehran Times tehrantimes.com Rethink Everything You Know About Dairy thriveglobal.com See more Related searches chart dairy products list dairy products food dairy

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Advertisement International edition The Guardian - Back to home Support us in 2021 Power vital, open, independent journalism ContributeSubscribe Search jobsSign inSearch News Opinion Sport Culture Lifestyle Show More FashionFoodRecipesLove & sexHealth & fitnessHome & gardenWomenMenFamilyTravelMoney Word of Mouth blog Food science 10 gross ingredients you didn't know were in your food If you're still reeling from the horsemeat scandal, hold on to your hats – there may well be arsenic in your beer and rat hair in your chocolate Arsenic Arsenic – fancy a pint? Photograph: Alamy Anna Brones Mon 13 May 2013 12.11 BST 4,565 392 Since the horsemeat scandal, more of us than ever before are holding a microscope up to what we eat. But no matter how many labels you read, you could still be consuming things you'd rather put on your "do not eat" list. From human hair in our bread to fish bladder in our beer, there are a lot of additives and food processing techniques that employ ingredients and chemicals few would classify as "appetising". It's a reminder, frankly, that non-processed foods are your best bet. Arsenic Traces of arsenic in food are nothing new. The potent human carcinogen arsenic has been known to turn up in everything from rice to cereal to juice, and most recently German researchers found traces of it in beer, noting some levels found were more than twice than what is allowed in drinking water. Traces of arsenic can actually be found in both beers and wine that are clearer in colour. That's because they will have been filtered to get rid of plant matter and leftover yeast; most people don't want to drink a cloudy pinot grigio after all. To filter, beer and winemakers use diatomaceous earth, a natural product that contains iron and metals; hence the arsenic. Want less arsenic in your drink? Opt for drinks that are unfiltered. Human hair Amino acids are your body's building blocks, and while they can be good for your health, not all amino acids are created equal. L-Cysteine – an amino acid used to prolong shelf-life in products such as commercial bread – can be found in duck and chicken feathers and cow horns, but most that's used in food comes from human hair. It has been reported that most of the hair used to make L-Cysteine comes from China, where it's gathered from barbershops and hair salons. You can avoid L-Cysteine by buying fresh bread from a local baker, as it is not an additive in flour. Steer clear of fast food places such as McDonald's, Dunkin' Donuts and Burger King too, who all use L-Cysteine as an additive. Human hair Human hair … in bread? Photograph: Romilly Lockyer/Getty Images Antifreeze Advertisement You're not drinking straight antifreeze when you down a soft drink, but if your drink of choice has propylene glycol in it you're consuming a compound that's used for everything from antifreeze to cosmetics to pharmaceuticals to electronic cigarettes. Its properties are many, so it's no surprise that chemical companies such as DOW get excited about its potential in the corporate food world. It's also a minor ingredient in Corexit, the oil dispersant that was used after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Fortunately, if you live in the European Union, propylene glycol is not cleared as a general-purpose food grade product or direct food additive. Beaver anal glands If you're eating vanilla, strawberry or raspberry ice-cream, you may just be eating beaver's anal and urine secretions. Castoreum, which comes from the castor sacs of male and female beavers, is an FDA-approved food additive popular in ice-creams, and allowed to be called "natural flavouring", meaning you probably don't know that you are eating it. Beaver Fancy an ice-cream? Photograph: Juniors Bildarchiv/Alamy Fish bladder A round of beers may sound like the perfect way to celebrate with vegetarian and vegan friends alike, but watch what beer you're drinking. Isinglass is a gelatin-like substance produced from the swim bladder of a fish. It's added to cask beers and Guinness, to help remove any "haziness" from the final product - removing any residue yeast or solid particles in the beer – which means you could end up with a trace of fish bladder in your pint glass. Coal tar Many processed foods are known for including a long list of dyes, and many of those dyes are derived from coal tar. Yellow #5, also known as tartrazine, was linked to childhood hyperactivity in 2007 and since then any product in the EU that contains it must also come with a warning label. In the US, however, there is no such regulation. Concern over the food colouring recently prompted bloggers to petition Kraft to remove the dyes from their popular macaroni cheese product. Breast implant What's in your nuggets? Photograph: Anne-Christine Poujoulat/AFP/Getty Images Silicone breast implant filler Advertisement Chicken McNuggets from McDonald's aren't known for being the healthiest thing on the planet, but they're not really known for being "chicken" either. The nuggets are actually only about 50% actual chicken; the rest comprises synthetic ingredients, including dimethylpolysiloxane, a chemical used in silicone that can be found in Silly Putty as well as breast implant filler. Boiled beetle shells Natural Red #4 may sound harmless, but the food colouring – also known as carmine – is made by boiling female cochineal insect shells in ammonia or a sodium carbonate solution. It takes about 70,000 of the bugs to produce one pound of dye. Coffee giant Starbucks got slammed in 2012 for using the additive in their frappuccinos and eventually binned it, but it's a commonly employed ingredient in many foods. The European Food Standards Authority recently included it as an additive to research more. But while some may feel queasy at the thought of consuming bugs, the synthetic alternatives to this natural dye, such as Red #2 and Red #40, are made from petroleum products. Pick your poison. Rodent hair Producing food products in an industrial facility is nothing like cooking at home, and certainly a big warehouse space is sure to be home to a few rodents here and there. Maybe that's why the US FDA allows for certain amounts of rodent hair in various products, something they call an "unavoidable defects": one rodent hair for every 100g chocolate, 22 rodent hairs for every 100g cinnamon and five rodent hairs for every 18oz jar of peanut butter. Yum. Borax Banned in the US and Canada as a food additive but allowed in the EU, borax is also known for making its way into fire-retardant, anti-fungal compounds and enamel. E285, as it's known in the food world, is used to control acidity in products as well as assist in preservation. You'll find it in some caviars – including those imported to the US – as well as various Asian noodle and rice dishes as it adds a firm, rubbery texture to foods. So. Any more for any more? It’s finally 2021 … … and never has a new year been so eagerly awaited. The Covid-19 vaccines, the Joe Biden presidency, the last-minute Brexit deal: though major challenges persist, there is cause for hope. With a fresh year on the horizon, we’re committed to providing high-impact reporting you can always depend on. Millions have turned to the Guardian for vital, independent, quality journalism throughout a turbulent and challenging 2020. Readers in 180 countries, including Canada, now support us financially. We believe everyone deserves access to information that’s grounded in science and truth, and analysis rooted in authority and integrity. That’s why we made a different choice: to keep our reporting open for all readers, regardless of where they live or what they can afford to pay. This means more people can be better informed, united, and inspired to take meaningful action. In these perilous times, a truth-seeking global news organisation like the Guardian is essential. We have no shareholders or billionaire owner, meaning our journalism is free from commercial and political influence – this makes us different. When it’s never been more important, our independence allows us to fearlessly investigate, challenge and expose those in power. In a year of unprecedented intersecting crises in 2020, we did just that, with revealing journalism that had real-world impact: the inept handling of the Covid-19 crisis, the Black Lives Matter protests, and the tumultuous US election. We have enhanced our reputation for urgent, powerful reporting on the climate emergency, and moved to practice what we preach, rejecting advertising from fossil fuel companies, divesting from oil and gas companies and setting a course to achieve net zero emissions by 2030. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Your funding powers our journalism, it protects our independence, and ensures we can remain open for all. You can support us through these challenging economic times and enable real-world impact. Every contribution, however big or small, makes a real difference for our future. Support the Guardian from as little as CA$1 – it only takes a minute. Thank you. Remind me in February 2021 Email address Set a reminder We will send you a maximum of two emails in February 2021. To find out what personal data we collect and how we use it, view our Privacy Policy. Topics Food science Word of Mouth blog Food Food & drink industry blogposts Reuse this content Advertisement Most viewed Robin Williams's widow: 'There were so many misunderstandings about what had happened to him' Trump looks back and Biden looks ahead in contrasting new year messages Joe Biden to have new Secret Service team amid concern about Trump loyalty From covfefe to the Mooch: 10 funny moments from the Trump presidency Avoid using wood burning stoves if possible, warn health experts More on this story Scientist to eat lab-grown beefburger 2 Aug 2013 197 Brazil develops 'superfoods' to combat hidden hunger 18 Jul 2013 Horsemeat scandal: timeline 10 May 2013 Horsemeat scandal: consumer fears have eased, poll shows 9 Apr 2013 Technology that traced Osama bin Laden now used to extend life of cakes 17 Jun 2013 The future of food: insects, GM rice and edible packaging are on the menu 15 Jun 2013 22 The horsemeat furore was compounded by foolish foodie machismo 16 Mar 2013 39 Six in 10 have changed shopping habits since horsemeat scandal, survey finds 13 Mar 2013 276 Word of Mouth blog The Guardian and Observer's blog on food, cooking and restaurants Pre-chopped onions aren't pointless if you can't hold a knife 16 Mar 2018 177 How to cook perfect southern fried chicken 21 Feb 2018 196 'A brief rummage is acceptable' – how to share Christmas chocolates 22 Dec 2017 163 How to eat: pesto 20 Oct 2017 241 comments (392) Sign in or create your Guardian account to join the discussion. Sort byOldest Per page100 Display threadsCollapsed 1 2 Displaying threads 1 to 100 of 126 Grafenwalder Grafenwalder 13 May 2013 5:26 15 Yum. Report CeefaxTheCat CeefaxTheCat Grafenwalder 13 May 2013 5:42 36 Or in the case of hot dogs all of the above. Report crunchycat crunchycat Grafenwalder 13 May 2013 12:58 19 @Grafenwalder - About half of the "information" in this blogpost is inaccurate - notably the McDonald's chicken nugget ingredient list. It is sheer fantasy. You will notice that there are NO references or sources given for ANY of the information. What crap. Report crunchycat crunchycat crunchycat 13 May 2013 13:09 5 @crunchycat - It seems there is an embedded link in the McDonald's segment- but the link itself references Michael Pollan, mainly. And NO substantiation for the "only about 50% chicken" nonsense. How 50%? By weight? By volume? It's not even faintly credible. Report Show 11 more replies DanielBurden DanielBurden 13 May 2013 5:27 66 You know, I don't care. I really don't. Same with the horse meat. When I'm buying cheap crap from a supermarket, I don't expect it to be high quality. I buy what I can afford. Report Gelion Gelion DanielBurden 13 May 2013 6:04 25 @DanielBurden - So you wouldn't care if anything was in your food like human or animal excrement? There has to be a line - and I would point out that if you are buying cheap food, it's not going to fill you up or give you nutrients anyway - you would be best off buying small amounts of good food. Report FarsleyBantam FarsleyBantam DanielBurden 13 May 2013 6:05 This comment was removed by a moderator because it didn't abide by our community standards. Replies may also be deleted. For more detail see our FAQs. DanielBurden DanielBurden Gelion 13 May 2013 6:09 16 @Gelion - "So you wouldn't care if anything was in your food like human or animal excrement?" No, I don't want to eat actual shit. Who would? "and I would point out that if you are buying cheap food, it's not going to fill you up or give you nutrients anyway - you would be best off buying small amounts of good food" Yeah.. I still eat fruit and vegetables, I eat healthy food. But in regards to meat, processed meals, and dairy, I buy what I can afford, which is often the cheaper stuff at the supermarket. Report Show 24 more replies View more comments Most popular FashionFoodRecipesLove & sexHealth & fitnessHome & gardenWomenMenFamilyTravelMoney News Opinion Sport Culture Lifestyle Contact us Complaints & corrections SecureDrop Work for us Privacy settings Privacy policy Cookie policy Terms & conditions Help All topics All writers Digital newspaper archive Facebook YouTube Instagram LinkedIn Twitter Newsletters Advertise with us Search UK jobs Back to top © 2020 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. (modern)

by 12916666666666666666666667

Advertisement International edition The Guardian - Back to home Support us in 2021 Power vital, open, independent journalism ContributeSubscribe Search jobsSign inSearch News Opinion Sport Culture Lifestyle Show More FashionFoodRecipesLove & sexHealth & fitnessHome & gardenWomenMenFamilyTravelMoney Word of Mouth blog Food science 10 gross ingredients you didn't know were in your food If you're still reeling from the horsemeat scandal, hold on to your hats – there may well be arsenic in your beer and rat hair in your chocolate Arsenic Arsenic – fancy a pint? Photograph: Alamy Anna Brones Mon 13 May 2013 12.11 BST 4,565 392 Since the horsemeat scandal, more of us than ever before are holding a microscope up to what we eat. But no matter how many labels you read, you could still be consuming things you'd rather put on your "do not eat" list. From human hair in our bread to fish bladder in our beer, there are a lot of additives and food processing techniques that employ ingredients and chemicals few would classify as "appetising". It's a reminder, frankly, that non-processed foods are your best bet. Arsenic Traces of arsenic in food are nothing new. The potent human carcinogen arsenic has been known to turn up in everything from rice to cereal to juice, and most recently German researchers found traces of it in beer, noting some levels found were more than twice than what is allowed in drinking water. Traces of arsenic can actually be found in both beers and wine that are clearer in colour. That's because they will have been filtered to get rid of plant matter and leftover yeast; most people don't want to drink a cloudy pinot grigio after all. To filter, beer and winemakers use diatomaceous earth, a natural product that contains iron and metals; hence the arsenic. Want less arsenic in your drink? Opt for drinks that are unfiltered. Human hair Amino acids are your body's building blocks, and while they can be good for your health, not all amino acids are created equal. L-Cysteine – an amino acid used to prolong shelf-life in products such as commercial bread – can be found in duck and chicken feathers and cow horns, but most that's used in food comes from human hair. It has been reported that most of the hair used to make L-Cysteine comes from China, where it's gathered from barbershops and hair salons. You can avoid L-Cysteine by buying fresh bread from a local baker, as it is not an additive in flour. Steer clear of fast food places such as McDonald's, Dunkin' Donuts and Burger King too, who all use L-Cysteine as an additive. Human hair Human hair … in bread? Photograph: Romilly Lockyer/Getty Images Antifreeze Advertisement You're not drinking straight antifreeze when you down a soft drink, but if your drink of choice has propylene glycol in it you're consuming a compound that's used for everything from antifreeze to cosmetics to pharmaceuticals to electronic cigarettes. Its properties are many, so it's no surprise that chemical companies such as DOW get excited about its potential in the corporate food world. It's also a minor ingredient in Corexit, the oil dispersant that was used after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Fortunately, if you live in the European Union, propylene glycol is not cleared as a general-purpose food grade product or direct food additive. Beaver anal glands If you're eating vanilla, strawberry or raspberry ice-cream, you may just be eating beaver's anal and urine secretions. Castoreum, which comes from the castor sacs of male and female beavers, is an FDA-approved food additive popular in ice-creams, and allowed to be called "natural flavouring", meaning you probably don't know that you are eating it. Beaver Fancy an ice-cream? Photograph: Juniors Bildarchiv/Alamy Fish bladder A round of beers may sound like the perfect way to celebrate with vegetarian and vegan friends alike, but watch what beer you're drinking. Isinglass is a gelatin-like substance produced from the swim bladder of a fish. It's added to cask beers and Guinness, to help remove any "haziness" from the final product - removing any residue yeast or solid particles in the beer – which means you could end up with a trace of fish bladder in your pint glass. Coal tar Many processed foods are known for including a long list of dyes, and many of those dyes are derived from coal tar. Yellow #5, also known as tartrazine, was linked to childhood hyperactivity in 2007 and since then any product in the EU that contains it must also come with a warning label. In the US, however, there is no such regulation. Concern over the food colouring recently prompted bloggers to petition Kraft to remove the dyes from their popular macaroni cheese product. Breast implant What's in your nuggets? Photograph: Anne-Christine Poujoulat/AFP/Getty Images Silicone breast implant filler Advertisement Chicken McNuggets from McDonald's aren't known for being the healthiest thing on the planet, but they're not really known for being "chicken" either. The nuggets are actually only about 50% actual chicken; the rest comprises synthetic ingredients, including dimethylpolysiloxane, a chemical used in silicone that can be found in Silly Putty as well as breast implant filler. Boiled beetle shells Natural Red #4 may sound harmless, but the food colouring – also known as carmine – is made by boiling female cochineal insect shells in ammonia or a sodium carbonate solution. It takes about 70,000 of the bugs to produce one pound of dye. Coffee giant Starbucks got slammed in 2012 for using the additive in their frappuccinos and eventually binned it, but it's a commonly employed ingredient in many foods. The European Food Standards Authority recently included it as an additive to research more. But while some may feel queasy at the thought of consuming bugs, the synthetic alternatives to this natural dye, such as Red #2 and Red #40, are made from petroleum products. Pick your poison. Rodent hair Producing food products in an industrial facility is nothing like cooking at home, and certainly a big warehouse space is sure to be home to a few rodents here and there. Maybe that's why the US FDA allows for certain amounts of rodent hair in various products, something they call an "unavoidable defects": one rodent hair for every 100g chocolate, 22 rodent hairs for every 100g cinnamon and five rodent hairs for every 18oz jar of peanut butter. Yum. Borax Banned in the US and Canada as a food additive but allowed in the EU, borax is also known for making its way into fire-retardant, anti-fungal compounds and enamel. E285, as it's known in the food world, is used to control acidity in products as well as assist in preservation. You'll find it in some caviars – including those imported to the US – as well as various Asian noodle and rice dishes as it adds a firm, rubbery texture to foods. So. Any more for any more? It’s finally 2021 … … and never has a new year been so eagerly awaited. The Covid-19 vaccines, the Joe Biden presidency, the last-minute Brexit deal: though major challenges persist, there is cause for hope. With a fresh year on the horizon, we’re committed to providing high-impact reporting you can always depend on. Millions have turned to the Guardian for vital, independent, quality journalism throughout a turbulent and challenging 2020. Readers in 180 countries, including Canada, now support us financially. We believe everyone deserves access to information that’s grounded in science and truth, and analysis rooted in authority and integrity. That’s why we made a different choice: to keep our reporting open for all readers, regardless of where they live or what they can afford to pay. This means more people can be better informed, united, and inspired to take meaningful action. In these perilous times, a truth-seeking global news organisation like the Guardian is essential. We have no shareholders or billionaire owner, meaning our journalism is free from commercial and political influence – this makes us different. When it’s never been more important, our independence allows us to fearlessly investigate, challenge and expose those in power. In a year of unprecedented intersecting crises in 2020, we did just that, with revealing journalism that had real-world impact: the inept handling of the Covid-19 crisis, the Black Lives Matter protests, and the tumultuous US election. We have enhanced our reputation for urgent, powerful reporting on the climate emergency, and moved to practice what we preach, rejecting advertising from fossil fuel companies, divesting from oil and gas companies and setting a course to achieve net zero emissions by 2030. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Your funding powers our journalism, it protects our independence, and ensures we can remain open for all. You can support us through these challenging economic times and enable real-world impact. Every contribution, however big or small, makes a real difference for our future. Support the Guardian from as little as CA$1 – it only takes a minute. Thank you. Remind me in February 2021 Email address Set a reminder We will send you a maximum of two emails in February 2021. To find out what personal data we collect and how we use it, view our Privacy Policy. Topics Food science Word of Mouth blog Food Food & drink industry blogposts Reuse this content Advertisement Most viewed Robin Williams's widow: 'There were so many misunderstandings about what had happened to him' Trump looks back and Biden looks ahead in contrasting new year messages Joe Biden to have new Secret Service team amid concern about Trump loyalty From covfefe to the Mooch: 10 funny moments from the Trump presidency Avoid using wood burning stoves if possible, warn health experts More on this story Scientist to eat lab-grown beefburger 2 Aug 2013 197 Brazil develops 'superfoods' to combat hidden hunger 18 Jul 2013 Horsemeat scandal: timeline 10 May 2013 Horsemeat scandal: consumer fears have eased, poll shows 9 Apr 2013 Technology that traced Osama bin Laden now used to extend life of cakes 17 Jun 2013 The future of food: insects, GM rice and edible packaging are on the menu 15 Jun 2013 22 The horsemeat furore was compounded by foolish foodie machismo 16 Mar 2013 39 Six in 10 have changed shopping habits since horsemeat scandal, survey finds 13 Mar 2013 276 Word of Mouth blog The Guardian and Observer's blog on food, cooking and restaurants Pre-chopped onions aren't pointless if you can't hold a knife 16 Mar 2018 177 How to cook perfect southern fried chicken 21 Feb 2018 196 'A brief rummage is acceptable' – how to share Christmas chocolates 22 Dec 2017 163 How to eat: pesto 20 Oct 2017 241 comments (392) Sign in or create your Guardian account to join the discussion. Sort byOldest Per page100 Display threadsCollapsed 1 2 Displaying threads 1 to 100 of 126 Grafenwalder Grafenwalder 13 May 2013 5:26 15 Yum. Report CeefaxTheCat CeefaxTheCat Grafenwalder 13 May 2013 5:42 36 Or in the case of hot dogs all of the above. Report crunchycat crunchycat Grafenwalder 13 May 2013 12:58 19 @Grafenwalder - About half of the "information" in this blogpost is inaccurate - notably the McDonald's chicken nugget ingredient list. It is sheer fantasy. You will notice that there are NO references or sources given for ANY of the information. What crap. Report crunchycat crunchycat crunchycat 13 May 2013 13:09 5 @crunchycat - It seems there is an embedded link in the McDonald's segment- but the link itself references Michael Pollan, mainly. And NO substantiation for the "only about 50% chicken" nonsense. How 50%? By weight? By volume? It's not even faintly credible. Report Show 11 more replies DanielBurden DanielBurden 13 May 2013 5:27 66 You know, I don't care. I really don't. Same with the horse meat. When I'm buying cheap crap from a supermarket, I don't expect it to be high quality. I buy what I can afford. Report Gelion Gelion DanielBurden 13 May 2013 6:04 25 @DanielBurden - So you wouldn't care if anything was in your food like human or animal excrement? There has to be a line - and I would point out that if you are buying cheap food, it's not going to fill you up or give you nutrients anyway - you would be best off buying small amounts of good food. Report FarsleyBantam FarsleyBantam DanielBurden 13 May 2013 6:05 This comment was removed by a moderator because it didn't abide by our community standards. Replies may also be deleted. For more detail see our FAQs. DanielBurden DanielBurden Gelion 13 May 2013 6:09 16 @Gelion - "So you wouldn't care if anything was in your food like human or animal excrement?" No, I don't want to eat actual shit. Who would? "and I would point out that if you are buying cheap food, it's not going to fill you up or give you nutrients anyway - you would be best off buying small amounts of good food" Yeah.. I still eat fruit and vegetables, I eat healthy food. But in regards to meat, processed meals, and dairy, I buy what I can afford, which is often the cheaper stuff at the supermarket. Report Show 24 more replies View more comments Most popular FashionFoodRecipesLove & sexHealth & fitnessHome & gardenWomenMenFamilyTravelMoney News Opinion Sport Culture Lifestyle Contact us Complaints & corrections SecureDrop Work for us Privacy settings Privacy policy Cookie policy Terms & conditions Help All topics All writers Digital newspaper archive Facebook YouTube Instagram LinkedIn Twitter Newsletters Advertise with us Search UK jobs Back to top © 2020 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. (modern)

by 12916666666666666666666667

ehug Advertisement International edition The Guardian - Back to home Support us in 2021 Power vital, open, independent journalism ContributeSubscribe Search jobsSign inSearch News Opinion Sport Culture Lifestyle Show More FashionFoodRecipesLove & sexHealth & fitnessHome & gardenWomenMenFamilyTravelMoney Word of Mouth blog Food science 10 gross ingredients you didn't know were in your food If you're still reeling from the horsemeat scandal, hold on to your hats – there may well be arsenic in your beer and rat hair in your chocolate Arsenic Arsenic – fancy a pint? Photograph: Alamy Anna Brones Mon 13 May 2013 12.11 BST 4,565 392 Since the horsemeat scandal, more of us than ever before are holding a microscope up to what we eat. But no matter how many labels you read, you could still be consuming things you'd rather put on your "do not eat" list. From human hair in our bread to fish bladder in our beer, there are a lot of additives and food processing techniques that employ ingredients and chemicals few would classify as "appetising". It's a reminder, frankly, that non-processed foods are your best bet. Arsenic Traces of arsenic in food are nothing new. The potent human carcinogen arsenic has been known to turn up in everything from rice to cereal to juice, and most recently German researchers found traces of it in beer, noting some levels found were more than twice than what is allowed in drinking water. Traces of arsenic can actually be found in both beers and wine that are clearer in colour. That's because they will have been filtered to get rid of plant matter and leftover yeast; most people don't want to drink a cloudy pinot grigio after all. To filter, beer and winemakers use diatomaceous earth, a natural product that contains iron and metals; hence the arsenic. Want less arsenic in your drink? Opt for drinks that are unfiltered. Human hair Amino acids are your body's building blocks, and while they can be good for your health, not all amino acids are created equal. L-Cysteine – an amino acid used to prolong shelf-life in products such as commercial bread – can be found in duck and chicken feathers and cow horns, but most that's used in food comes from human hair. It has been reported that most of the hair used to make L-Cysteine comes from China, where it's gathered from barbershops and hair salons. You can avoid L-Cysteine by buying fresh bread from a local baker, as it is not an additive in flour. Steer clear of fast food places such as McDonald's, Dunkin' Donuts and Burger King too, who all use L-Cysteine as an additive. Human hair Human hair … in bread? Photograph: Romilly Lockyer/Getty Images Antifreeze Advertisement You're not drinking straight antifreeze when you down a soft drink, but if your drink of choice has propylene glycol in it you're consuming a compound that's used for everything from antifreeze to cosmetics to pharmaceuticals to electronic cigarettes. Its properties are many, so it's no surprise that chemical companies such as DOW get excited about its potential in the corporate food world. It's also a minor ingredient in Corexit, the oil dispersant that was used after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Fortunately, if you live in the European Union, propylene glycol is not cleared as a general-purpose food grade product or direct food additive. Beaver anal glands If you're eating vanilla, strawberry or raspberry ice-cream, you may just be eating beaver's anal and urine secretions. Castoreum, which comes from the castor sacs of male and female beavers, is an FDA-approved food additive popular in ice-creams, and allowed to be called "natural flavouring", meaning you probably don't know that you are eating it. Beaver Fancy an ice-cream? Photograph: Juniors Bildarchiv/Alamy Fish bladder A round of beers may sound like the perfect way to celebrate with vegetarian and vegan friends alike, but watch what beer you're drinking. Isinglass is a gelatin-like substance produced from the swim bladder of a fish. It's added to cask beers and Guinness, to help remove any "haziness" from the final product - removing any residue yeast or solid particles in the beer – which means you could end up with a trace of fish bladder in your pint glass. Coal tar Many processed foods are known for including a long list of dyes, and many of those dyes are derived from coal tar. Yellow #5, also known as tartrazine, was linked to childhood hyperactivity in 2007 and since then any product in the EU that contains it must also come with a warning label. In the US, however, there is no such regulation. Concern over the food colouring recently prompted bloggers to petition Kraft to remove the dyes from their popular macaroni cheese product. Breast implant What's in your nuggets? Photograph: Anne-Christine Poujoulat/AFP/Getty Images Silicone breast implant filler Chicken McNuggets from McDonald's aren't known for being the healthiest thing on the planet, but they're not really known for being "chicken" either. The nuggets are actually only about 50% actual chicken; the rest comprises synthetic ingredients, including dimethylpolysiloxane, a chemical used in silicone that can be found in Silly Putty as well as breast implant filler. Boiled beetle shells Natural Red #4 may sound harmless, but the food colouring – also known as carmine – is made by boiling female cochineal insect shells in ammonia or a sodium carbonate solution. It takes about 70,000 of the bugs to produce one pound of dye. Coffee giant Starbucks got slammed in 2012 for using the additive in their frappuccinos and eventually binned it, but it's a commonly employed ingredient in many foods. The European Food Standards Authority recently included it as an additive to research more. But while some may feel queasy at the thought of consuming bugs, the synthetic alternatives to this natural dye, such as Red #2 and Red #40, are made from petroleum products. Pick your poison. Rodent hair Producing food products in an industrial facility is nothing like cooking at home, and certainly a big warehouse space is sure to be home to a few rodents here and there. Maybe that's why the US FDA allows for certain amounts of rodent hair in various products, something they call an "unavoidable defects": one rodent hair for every 100g chocolate, 22 rodent hairs for every 100g cinnamon and five rodent hairs for every 18oz jar of peanut butter. Yum. Borax Banned in the US and Canada as a food additive but allowed in the EU, borax is also known for making its way into fire-retardant, anti-fungal compounds and enamel. E285, as it's known in the food world, is used to control acidity in products as well as assist in preservation. You'll find it in some caviars – including those imported to the US – as well as various Asian noodle and rice dishes as it adds a firm, rubbery texture to foods. So. Any more for any more? It’s finally 2021 … … and never has a new year been so eagerly awaited. The Covid-19 vaccines, the Joe Biden presidency, the last-minute Brexit deal: though major challenges persist, there is cause for hope. With a fresh year on the horizon, we’re committed to providing high-impact reporting you can always depend on. Millions have turned to the Guardian for vital, independent, quality journalism throughout a turbulent and challenging 2020. Readers in 180 countries, including Canada, now support us financially. We believe everyone deserves access to information that’s grounded in science and truth, and analysis rooted in authority and integrity. That’s why we made a different choice: to keep our reporting open for all readers, regardless of where they live or what they can afford to pay. This means more people can be better informed, united, and inspired to take meaningful action. In these perilous times, a truth-seeking global news organisation like the Guardian is essential. We have no shareholders or billionaire owner, meaning our journalism is free from commercial and political influence – this makes us different. When it’s never been more important, our independence allows us to fearlessly investigate, challenge and expose those in power. In a year of unprecedented intersecting crises in 2020, we did just that, with revealing journalism that had real-world impact: the inept handling of the Covid-19 crisis, the Black Lives Matter protests, and the tumultuous US election. We have enhanced our reputation for urgent, powerful reporting on the climate emergency, and moved to practice what we preach, rejecting advertising from fossil fuel companies, divesting from oil and gas companies and setting a course to achieve net zero emissions by 2030. If there were ever a time to join us, it is now. Your funding powers our journalism, it protects our independence, and ensures we can remain open for all. You can support us through these challenging economic times and enable real-world impact. Every contribution, however big or small, makes a real difference for our future. Support the Guardian from as little as CA$1 – it only takes a minute. Thank you. Support the Guardian Remind me in February Accepted payment methods: Visa, Mastercard, American Express and PayPal Topics Food science Word of Mouth blog Food Food & drink industry blogposts Reuse this content Advertisement Most viewed Robin Williams's widow: 'There were so many misunderstandings about what had happened to him' Trump looks back and Biden looks ahead in contrasting new year messages Joe Biden to have new Secret Service team amid concern about Trump loyalty From covfefe to the Mooch: 10 funny moments from the Trump presidency Avoid using wood burning stoves if possible, warn health experts comments (392) Sign in or create your Guardian account to join the discussion. Most popular FashionFoodRecipesLove & sexHealth & fitnessHome & gardenWomenMenFamilyTravelMoney News Opinion Sport Culture Lifestyle Contact us Complaints & corrections SecureDrop Work for us Privacy settings Privacy policy Cookie policy Terms & conditions Help All topics All writers Digital newspaper archive Facebook YouTube Instagram LinkedIn Twitter Newsletters Advertise with us Search UK jobs Back to top © 2020 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. (modern)

by FEB2019

science

by haaronroythattil

science

by DaScience

uhgynu Skip to main contentAccessibility help Accessibility feedback December Holidays glados About 1,800,000 results (0.51 seconds) GLaDOS | Half-Life Wiki | Fandomhalf-life.fandom.com › wiki › GLaDOS GLaDOS (Genetic Lifeform and Disk Operating System) is an artificial intelligence created by Aperture Science. She is the main antagonist throughout Portal and ... ‎Caroline · ‎Wheatley · ‎ATLAS and P-body · ‎Aperture Science Personality ... GLaDOS - Portal Wikitheportalwiki.com › wiki › GLaDOS GLaDOS (Genetic Lifeform and Disk Operating System) is the central core designed to control, guide, and oversee the Aperture Science computer-aided ... ‎Caroline · ‎GLaDOS voice lines · ‎Black Mesa · ‎Central AI Chamber People also ask Why is GLaDOS evil? Why does GLaDOS look different in Portal 2? Was GLaDOS a human? Is GLaDOS Chell's mom? Feedback GLaDOS - Wikipediaen.wikipedia.org › wiki › GLaDOS GLaDOS (Genetic Lifeform and Disk Operating System, DOS being a homage to Microsoft's MS-DOS) is a fictional artificially superintelligent computer system from the video game series Portal. GLaDOS later appeared in The Lab and Lego Dimensions. Designed by: Michael Spinx First appearance: Portal (2007)‎ Voiced by: Ellen McLain Last appearance: Bridge Constructor Portal ...‎ ‎Appearances · ‎Development history · ‎Cultural impact · ‎Reception and analysis Videos Video result for glados PREVIEW 6:46 Portal 2 Best of GLaDOS YouTube · booomse Apr 24, 2011 Video result for glados24:30 Portal 1 - All GLaDOS Quotes + Still Alive (w/Lyrics) YouTube · KingdomHeartsFan3211 Oct 5, 2016 Video result for glados29:51 Portal 2 - All GLaDOS Quotes (Singleplayer Story) + Want You ... YouTube · KingdomHeartsFan3211 Oct 12, 2016 View all GLaDOS - Valve Developer Communitydeveloper.valvesoftware.com › wiki › GLaDOS May 30, 2019 — The deceitful computer, GLaDOS (which stands for Genetic Lifeform and Disk Operating System), is the speaker and controller behind the ... Portal: The 10 Worst Things GlaDOS Has Done | TheGamerwww.thegamer.com › Lists Dec 4, 2019 — GlaDos did a lot of bad things during the events of Portal and Portal 2. These are the most egregious examples. Watch GLaDOS from 'Portal' explain the difference between ...www.theverge.com › watch-glados-from-portal-explain... Feb 27, 2014 — GLaDOS, the hilarious homicidal artificial intelligence from the Portal games, explains the two nuclear reactions in a new video produced by ... GLaDOS (Character) - Giant Bombwww.giantbomb.com › glados The Genetic Lifeform and Disk Operating System of the Aperture Science Enrichment Center in Portal. GLaDOS is a maniacal, rogue AI known for her disdain for ... Great moments in PC gaming: Teaming up with Potato ...www.pcgamer.com › great-moments-in-pc-gaming-tea... May 10, 2020 — GLaDOS is mean. GLaDOS is powerful. GLaDOS is the sole AI in charge of running an underground testing facility, miles deep and wide. Cyberpunk 2077 — How to Find Portal's GLaDOS in Night Citywww.dualshockers.com › cyberpunk-2077-how-to-find... 3 days ago — To clarify, GLaDOS is not in Cyberpunk as the exact same character from the Portal series. However, her voice actress, Ellen McLain, returns as ... People also search for Chell Wheatley Doug Rattmann ATLAS and P‑body Cave Johnson Mr. Chubby Beak See more Feedback Searches related to glados glados quotes glados voice actor glados meaning glados voice generator glados potato human glados glados portal 1 glados lego 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next Image result for glados Image result for glados Image result for glados Image result for glados Image result for glados Image result for glados Image result for glados More images GLaDOS Fictional character GLaDOS is a fictional artificially superintelligent computer system from the video game series Portal. GLaDOS later appeared in The Lab and Lego Dimensions. The character was created by Erik Wolpaw and Kim Swift and voiced by Ellen McLain. Wikipedia Voice: Ellen McLain Last appearance: Bridge Constructor Portal (2017) Creator: Erik Wolpaw First appearance: Portal (2007) Fictional universes: Half-Life, Portal People also search for View 15+ more Chell Chell Wheatley Wheatley Cave Johnson Cave Johnson Doug Rattmann Doug Rattmann ATLAS and P-body ATLAS and P‑body Feedback CanadaK2K, Ottawa, ON - From your Internet address - Use precise location - Learn more HelpSend feedbackPrivacyTerms

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pool for science

by Welspin

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science island model 1

by megamente07

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science

by Kyouma

fhegie Mr. John Danny will be the science teacher of holy trinity catholic high school in karthi uthay's class in Grade 10 (September 2021). also meantime, there is also gonna be Anne Hannah math teacher, in Grade 10 for karthi uthay's class when School year (2021-2022) starts (Early Sep 2021 to Late Jun 2022).

by asfafas

fhegie karthi memory november 1, 2019; in science classroom 7/8 of holy trinity catholic high school (ottawa kanata) and was asking lucas "Will october come back again" and Lucas said "Yes it will come back" and he was thinking of October 2020, coming which is far-off. and he next said "I mean, this october" Lucas said "No, it's not possible, it has to go back in time" and karthi was setting an time divider and was thinking of october 2019, the end to the beginning of that month by thinking of the october 2019 memories; late october 2019, what happened is "Karthi was in 323 everglade way home and was doing something" but during that, the light was on, in that room and as well as the hallways. it was cloudy. Lucas's face had pimples, because he is a teen in 8th grade.

by June282020